| 引用本文: | 曹 言,王 杰,黄 英,等.昆明市气温日较差变化特征及其对作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):71-78. |
| CAO Yan,WANG Jie,HUANG Ying,et al.昆明市气温日较差变化特征及其对作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):71-78. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究气候变化对作物生长的影响。【方法】利用1961—2013年昆明市及其周边24个气象站点逐日最高和最低气温资料，计算了昆明地区的气温日较差（DTR），分析了DTR的时空变化特征及其与作物生长期（GSL）和作物产量的关系。【结果】1961—2013年昆明市年平均DTR呈显著减少趋势，减少幅度为0.134 ℃/10 a，通过M-K检验得到年平均DTR突变年份约为1986年，且1991年以后DTR呈极显著减小趋势，春季、秋季和冬季DTR呈减少趋势，其中春季DTR减少幅度最大，秋季DTR减少幅度最小，夏季DTR则呈上升趋势；不同时间段上DTR整体上呈现出由东南向西北递增的分布特征，且年平均、春季、秋季和冬季DTR减少幅度基本上呈东高西低的趋势，夏季DTR上升幅度较大的地区主要集中在中南部，减少幅度较大的地区主要集中在东南部和东北部；DTR与GSL基本呈负相关，且春季DTR变化对GSL影响较为显著；昆明市玉米气候产量整体呈增长趋势，且由中部向西北部和东南部气候产量增加趋势越来越显著，相对气候产量与不同时间段内的DTR呈显著或极显著相关。【结论】春季、秋季和生育期DTR减小，夏季DTR增大，均能够促进作物增产。 |
| 关键词: DTR； 气温； GSL； 相对气候产量； 昆明市 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0245 |
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| The Characteristics of Diurnal Temperature Change and Its Consequent Impact on Crop Growth in Kunming |
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CAO Yan, WANG Jie, HUANG Ying, ZHANG Lei, QI Na
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Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Kunming 650228, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Temperature controls crop growth and the objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of diurnal temperature change and its associated impact on crop growth in Kunming, Yunnan Province.【Method】 Based on the highest and lowest temperature measured daily from 24 weather stations as well as crops yield in and around Kunming from 1961 to 2013, we calculated the diurnal temperature difference (DTR) and its impact on growing duration (GSL) and yield of the crops. 【Result】 The annual average DTR decreased considerably from 1961 to 2013 approximately at -0.134 ℃/decade. The M-T analysis revealed that the DTR endured an abrupt drop in 1986, followed by a monotonic decrease since 1991. Annually, DTR decreased in spring, autumn and winter, especially in spring, while it increased in summer. Spatially, the DTR declined from the northwest to the southeast and from the west to the east. In Summer, the DTR increased mainly in the central and southern parts of the region, and decreased in the southeast and the northeast. There was a significant negative correlation between DTR and GSL, particularly in Spring. The overall climatic maize yield had increased during this period, but varying spatially with the increase in the middle higher than that in the northwest and the southeast. We also found a consistent and significant correlation between the relative climatic maize yield and the DTR. 【Conclusion】 An DTR increase in summer, coupled with a decrease in spring and autumn, benefits crop yield. |
| Key words: DTR; temperature; GSL; crop yield; Kunming |
