| 引用本文: | 王志成,李 稚,张 辉,等.阿克苏河流域灌区土地利用变化对蒸散耗水的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):79-85. |
| WANG Zhicheng,LI Zhi,ZHANG Hui,et al.阿克苏河流域灌区土地利用变化对蒸散耗水的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):79-85. |
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| 摘要: |
| 土地利用变化导致蒸散耗水过程和流域水资源供需关系发生变化。【目的】合理估算灌区蒸散耗水量。【方法】以新疆阿克苏河流域灌区为研究对象，结合对土地利用/覆被变化的遥感解译，分析了2000—2014年阿克苏河流域灌区土地利用/覆被变化及其对灌区蒸散耗水量的影响。【结果】①2000—2014年，阿克苏河流域灌区土地利用/覆被发生了明显变化，突出表现为耕地面积的显著增加。灌区耕地面积以159.8 km2/a的速度增加，其中，阿克苏河、库河、塔河、托河温宿及托河乌什灌区分别以37.3、37.2、66.1、4.9、20.0 km2/a的速度增加；②伴随绿洲耕地面积的扩张，灌区的蒸散发量表现出明显增加趋势。在2000—2014年，阿克苏河流域灌区蒸散耗水量以0.3×108 m3/a的速率增加，年内表现为夏季增加最明显；③灌区耕地面积的变化直接影响地表蒸散过程。阿克苏河流域灌区的耕地多年平均蒸散发量约为244.3 mm/a，大于天然草地的多年平均蒸散发量150.1 mm/a。【结论】在全球变暖背景下，快速升温和灌区垦植面积的不断扩大，使灌溉引水、蒸散耗水和人类活动用水不断增加，是导致灌区蒸散耗水增加的主要原因。 |
| 关键词: 土地利用； 蒸散变化； 灌区耕地； 耗水； 流域 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0068 |
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| The Impact of Land Use Change on Evapotranspiration of the Irrigated Areas in Aksu Basin |
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WANG Zhicheng, LI Zhi, ZHANG Hui, LI Wanjiang, XU Yongjun
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Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Aksu Management Bureau, Aksu 843000, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Land use change affects evapotranspiration and the consequent balance between water supply and water demand in a catchment; accurately estimating the evapotranspiration is hence crucial for water resource management. The purpose of this paper is to present a case study on the relationship between land use change and evapotranspiration. 【Method】 We took the irrigated areas in Aksu Basin as an example and analyzed the impact of spatiotemporal land use change on evapotranspiration. 【Result】①Land use change in these areas has been substantial over the past 15 years, with cultivated land increasing at 159.8 km2/per annum. Spatially, the irrigated areas for agricultural production in the catchments of Aksu River, Kumalake River, Tarim River, Wensu and Wushi in Tuoshikan River increased at 37.3 km2/per annum, 37.2 km2/per annum, 66.1 km2/per annum, 4.9 km2/per annum and 20.0 km2/per annum respectively. ②With irrigated areas in the aforementioned five catchments surging, evapotranspiration also increased responsively, especially in summer; water loss due to evapotranspiration has been rising at 0.3×108 m3/per annum over the past 15 years. ③Land use change had increased the evapotranspiration to 244.3 mm/per annum, much higher than the 150.1 mm/per annum for grasslands. 【Conclusion】 Global warming coupled with the elevated irrigated areas has increased the demand for water for irrigation and water loss from evapotranspiration simultaneously, exerting unpreceded pressure on the already scarce water resource in this region. |
| Key words: land use/cover change; evapotranspiration changes; cultivated land in irrigated area; water consumption; river basin |
