| 引用本文: | 刘战东,张 凯,米兆荣,等.豫北潮土灌区土壤肥力特征与作物产量的关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(8):31-37. |
| ,et al.豫北潮土灌区土壤肥力特征与作物产量的关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(8):31-37. |
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| 豫北潮土灌区土壤肥力特征与作物产量的关系研究 |
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刘战东，张 凯，米兆荣，黄 超，马岩川，余 轩，孙景生，范 昆，黄世清，李长有，张景忙
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1.中国农业科学院 农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室， 河南 新乡 453002；2.河南科技学院， 河南 新乡 453002； 3. 河南省沁阳市气象局， 河南 沁阳 454550；4.河南省焦作市广利灌区管理局， 河南 沁阳 454550； 5.中国农业科学院 研究生院， 北京 100081
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解豫北潮土水浇地土壤肥力特征及其与作物产量的关系，为建立豫北潮土区水浇地合理耕层评价指标提供基础数据支撑。【方法】本研究对豫北潮土区62个样点进行了抽样调查，调查指标包括：耕层深度、犁底层厚度、土壤体积质量、紧实度、土壤pH值、土壤电导率、土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾以及耕作方式、播种、灌水、施肥。【结果】豫北潮土区田整体耕层深度16.8 cm，犁底层厚度11.2 cm；低产田耕层深度在15.2 cm，犁底层厚度11.9 cm，高产田耕层深度20.0 cm，犁底层厚度9.8 cm；高、中、低3种产田耕层土壤的平均紧实度分别为1 725、 1 449、1 831 kPa，土壤的平均土壤体积质量分别为1.46、1.51、1.53 g/cm3，pH值分别为8.47、8.39、8.39，有机质量分别为12.34、11.81、10.67 g/kg，速效磷量分别为16.05、12.84、10.89 mg/kg，速效钾量分别为156.69、157.20、120.56 mg/kg，养分主要分布于0~40 cm土层土壤；产量与耕层深度及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质、速效磷呈显著正相关，与犁底层厚度、土壤紧实度及耕层土壤体积质量呈显著负相关；产量与深层土壤pH值显著负相关，与深层土壤速效钾、有机质显著正相关。【结论】豫北潮土区影响作物产量的主要因素为耕层深度、犁底层厚度以及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质量，对作物产量的贡献大小为耕层深度＞犁底层厚度＞速效钾＞有机质。 |
| 关键词: 豫北潮土； 产量； 耕层； 犁底层； 土壤理化性状； 相关性分析 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180605 |
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| Characteristics of Soil Fertility and Its Relation with Crop Yield in Fluvo-aquic Soil Irrigation Area of North Henan |
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LIU Zhandong, ZHANG Kai, MI Zhaorong, HUANG Chao, MA Yanchuan, YU Xuan, SUN Jingsheng, FAN Kun, HUANG Shiqing, LI Changyou, ZHANG Jingmang
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1. Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453002, China; 3. Qinyang Meteorological Bureau，Henan province，Qinyang 454550, China; 4. Guang Li Irrigation Authority, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, Qinyang 454550, China;5.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Study the soil fertility characteristics of tidal soil irrigated land in northern Henan and its relationship with crop yield, and provide basic data support for the establishment of reasonable plough layer evaluation index for irrigated land in the tidal soil area of northern Henan.【Method】This study conducted a sample survey of 62 samples in the tidal zone of northern Henan. The survey indicators included depth of tilling layer, thickness of plow bottom layer, soil volume quality, soil compactness, soil pH, soil conductivity, soil organic matter, soil available phosphorus, soil available potassium, tillage methods, sowing, irrigation and fertilization.【Result】The overall tillage depth of the field in the tidal soil area of northern Henan was 16.8 cm, and the thickness of the plow floor was 11.2 cm. The depth of the low-yielding field was 15.2 cm, the thickness of the plow layer was 11.9 cm, the depth of plough layer was 20.0 cm, and the thickness of plough bottom was 9.8 cm. The average compactness of high, medium and low yield fields in the ploughed soil were 1 725, 1 449, 1 831 kPa, the average soil volume quality of high, medium and low yield fields were 1.46, 1.51, 1.53 g/cm3, the average soil pH of high, medium and low yield fields were 8.47, 8.39, 8.39, the average organic matter content of high, medium and low yield fields were 12.34, 11.81, 10.67 g/kg, the average available phosphorus contents of high, medium and low yield fields were 16.05, 12.84, 10.89 mg/kg, the average available potassium of high, medium and low yield fields were 156.69, 157.20, 120.56 mg/kg, respectively, and the nutrients are mainly distributed in 0~40 cm soil. The yield was significantly positively correlated with depth of tilling layer, soil available potassium, soil organic matter and soil available phosphorus of the topsoil, and was significantly negatively correlated with thickness of plow bottom layer, soil compactness and soil volume quality of the topsoil. The yield was significantly negatively correlated with deep soil pH, and significantly positively correlated with deep soil available potassium and deep soil organic matte.【Conclusion】The main factors affecting crop yield in the tidal soil area of northern Henan are the depth of tilling layer, the thickness of plow bottom layer, and the soil available potassium and the soil organic matter in the plough layer. The contribution to crop yield is the depth of tilling layer > the thickness of plow bottom layer > the soil available potassium > soil organic matter. |
| Key words: fluvo-aquic soil of north Henan; yield; tilling layer; plow bottom layer; physical and chemical properties of soil; correlation analysis |
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