| 引用本文: | 王丽娟,孙嘉星,韩卫华,等.水肥减量对土壤硝态氮和番茄产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(3):1-7. |
| ,et al.水肥减量对土壤硝态氮和番茄产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(3):1-7. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】解决水肥一体化下水肥施用过量问题，合理调控土壤硝态氮积累量，保证番茄产量品质为目标，寻找适宜的水肥投入减量。【方法】采用日光温室小区试验，以当地农户水肥的平均投入量为对照（CK），设置了3个不同的水肥同步减量处理（H：80%CK、M：60%CK、L：50%CK），研究了水肥一体化条件下不同梯度的水肥投入减量处理对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮、番茄果实产量品质和水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】全生育期0~20 cm和20~50 cm间土壤含水率和0~50 cm土壤硝态氮积累量呈现为CK>H处理>M处理>L处理；番茄产量表现为：CK>H处理>M处理>L处理，且各处理之间差异显著；各处理水肥利用效率差异显著；其中，H处理0~50 cm土壤层硝态氮积累量和番茄果实产量与CK差异显著，分别为71% CK和83% CK，H处理的水肥利用效率显著高于CK（p<0.05），H处理的糖酸比为CK的1.18倍。在当地水肥管理条件下，水肥减量20%时，土壤含水率较高，可显著减小土壤硝态氮积累量，番茄减产最少（M和L处理的番茄产量分别为72% CK和67% CK）同时还可小幅改善番茄风味品质，显著提高水肥利用效率。【结论】综合以上分析，建议水肥减量小于20%为宜，否则可能造成大幅的番茄产量减产。 |
| 关键词: 番茄；水肥减量；硝态氮；产量品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019350 |
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| The Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Fertilization on Soil Nitrate, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato |
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WANG Lijuan, SUN Jiaxing, HAN Weihua, GAO Lili, MAO Lili, LI Haoru, GONG Daozhi
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1.Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. Key Laboratory of Dryland Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Excessive irrigation and fertilization not only reduces resource use efficiency but also causes environmental pollution. Improving water and fertilizer use efficiency is hence critical to developing sustainable agriculture. The objective of this paper is to experimentally test the impacts of reducing irrigation and fertilization on soil nitrate, yield and quality of tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse with the fertigation used by local farmers taken as control (CK). We compared the consequence of reducing water and nitrogen application by 20% (H), 40% (M) and 50% (I), compared to CK, for soil nitrate, fruit yield and quality, as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency.【Result】In the growth season, the change in soil moisture and nitrate accumulation in the 0~20 cm and 20~50 cm soil layers differed significantly between the four treatments and was ranked in CK>H>M>L; the tomato yield also differed significantly and was ranked in CK>H>M>L. Water and fertilizer use efficiency differed significantly between the treatments, especially H treatment in which the nitrate accumulation in the top 0~50 cm soil and tomato yield were 73% and 83% of that CK respectively. Water use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of H treatment were both significantly higher than that of CK; the sugar acid ratio in H treatment was 1.18 times that in CK.【Conclusion】Keeping other plant husbandries unchanged, reducing water and nitrogen application compared to that used by local farmers by 20% can keep soil moist and substantially reduce nitrate accumulation in soil, with only a minor reduction in tomato yield. In return, it improved fruit quality, water use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity. The experimental results presented in this paper have important implications for improving water and fertilizer use efficiency while meanwhile reducing their detrimental impact on environment in greenhouse tomato production. |
| Key words: greenhouse tomato; irrigation and fertilization reduction; nitrate nitrogen; fruit yield and quality |
