| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索温室作物水肥气耦合滴灌下掺气量、灌水量和施氮量适宜组合方案，为提高水氮利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】设置施氮量（低氮和常氮）、掺气量（常规滴灌和曝气滴灌）和灌水量（低水量和高水量）3因素2水平随机区组试验，以地下滴灌为供水方式，通过系统监测土壤水分饱和度、氧气扩散速率（ODR）、氧化还原电位（Eh）、矿质氮量及作物水氮利用等指标，研究了水肥气耦合滴灌对温室番茄土壤通气性及水氮利用的影响。【结果】与常规滴灌相比，高水量条件下曝气处理的土壤水分饱和度有所降低，ODR和Eh显著提高。灌水量、施氮量和掺气量影响土壤矿质氮量，曝气滴灌下土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较常规滴灌平均降低21.4%和15.5%（P<0.05），高水量处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较低水量处理平均降低22.7%和14.7%（P<0.05），常氮处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较低氮处理平均增加29.0%和17.8%（P<0.05）。高水量和常氮条件下番茄灌溉水利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均降低6.7%和增加40.9%（P<0.05），高水量和常氮条件下番茄氮素吸收利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均增加13.6%和12.7%（P<0.05），曝气滴灌下番茄灌溉水利用效率和氮素吸收利用效率较常规滴灌平均增加22.9%和12.4%（P<0.05）。【结论】水肥气耦合滴灌可有效改善土壤通气性，提高水氮利用效率，促进番茄生长，实现作物增产。本试验中，常氮曝气高水量处理是温室番茄适宜的水肥气组合方案。 |
| 关键词: 温室番茄；土壤通气性；水肥气耦合滴灌；灌溉水利用效率；氮素吸收利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019181 |
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| Integrating Drip Fertigation with Soil Aeration to Improve Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato |
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LEI Hongjun, XIAO Zheyuan, ZHANG Zhenhua, YANG Hongguang1, LIU Xin, PAN Hongwe
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1.School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China;2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264039, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Keeping soil aerated in fertigation is essential to improving water and nitrogen use efficiency and crop yield. Taking greenhouse tomato as an example, this paper investigated the feasibility to achieve this goal by integrating drip fertigation with soil oxygenation.【Method】A three-factor randomized block experiment was conducted with two nitrogen application levels (135 and 180 kg/hm2), two oxygenation levels (subsurface drip irrigation with and without aerated water) and two irrigation levels (823 and 1237 m3/hm2). During the experiment, we measured soil water content, oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), and mineral nitrogen content in each treatment. These data were used to calculate the effects of integrating the drip fertigation with soil oxygenation on soil aeration, water and nitrogen use efficiency. 【Result】The aerated drip fertigation reduced soil saturation when the irrigation amount was high thereby enhancing ODR and Eh significantly, compared with conventional drip fertigation. The irrigation amount, nitrogen application rate and degree of aeration combined to affect mineral nitrogen content at significant level. Aerated drip fertigation reduced the average nitrate and ammonia content in soil by 21.4% and 15.5% respectively, compared to the conventional drip fertigation. The average nitrate and ammonia in soil were up 22.7% and 14.7%, respectively, in the high irrigation treatment compared to the low irrigation treatment. The average nitrate and ammonia content in soil under moderate nitrogen application were reduced by 29.0% and 17.8% respectively, compared to those under low nitrogen application. The high irrigation treatment reduced average irrigation-water use efficiency by 6.7% and increased nitrogen efficiency by 13.6%, while the moderate nitrogen application increased irrigation-water use efficiency by 40.9% the nitrogen use efficiency by 12.7%, compared to the low nitrogen application (p<0.05). Aerated fertigation increased the average use efficiency of irrigation-water and nitrogen by 22.9% and 12.4% respectively, compared to the conventional fertigation (p<0.05).【Conclusion】Integrating drip fertilization with soil aeration can effectively improve soil aeration and water and nitrogen use efficiency, thereby boosting root growth and tomato yield. Our results found that coupling soil aeration an drip fertigation at 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application and 1237 m3/hm2 of irrigation was optimal. |
| Key words: greenhouse tomato; soil aeration; irrigation-fertilization-aeration; irrigation-water use efficiency; nutrient absorption and use efficiency |
