| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确内蒙古河套灌区膜下滴灌小麦技术应用效果。【方法】于2017—2018年开展膜下滴灌试验，设置3个不同灌水水平（W1：2 175 m3/hm2；W2：2 700 m3/hm2；W3：3 225 m3/hm2），以传统畦灌条播为对照（CK），CK灌水量为4 200 m3/hm2，监测小麦生育期土壤温度、含水率及各生长指标，进行不同灌水处理对春小麦水热条件及产量品质影响的研究。【结果】2 a膜下滴灌小麦0~40 cm土壤平均含水率为18.58%，较传统畦灌提高47.90%，土壤温度平均提高0.81 ℃。2 a膜下滴灌小麦较传统畦灌产量提高20.80%，其中单株籽粒产量显著增加，较传统畦灌平均提高10.03%；膜下滴灌条件，随灌水量增加，小麦产量呈逐渐增加趋势，其中W3处理产量最高，但水分利用效率最小。2 a膜下滴灌小麦籽粒的蛋白质、湿面筋量较传统畦灌分别平均提高1.02%、2.42%，显著高于CK （p<0.05），膜下滴灌小麦W1处理蛋白质及湿面筋量最大，显著高于W3处理。【结论】膜下滴灌小麦增温保墒效果显著，有利于增加前期积温，使小麦提前出苗且提高有效穗数，后期小麦提早成熟。膜下滴灌有利于小麦各项品质指标的提高，膜下滴灌条件下灌水量2 175~2 700 m3/hm2更利于小麦品质的提升，同时提高小麦水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；小麦；水热；品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20190280 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Dynamics of Soil Moisture and Temperature under Film-mulched Drip Irrigation and Its Impact on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat |
|
LIU Wei, TIAN Delong, HOU Chenli, XU Bing, REN Jie, ZHANG Huijuan
|
|
1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Hohhot 010018, China；2.Hydroelectric and Water Conservancy Science Institute, China’s Scientific Research Institute in the Pastoral Areas of Water Conservancy, Hohhot 010020, China; 3.Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Bayannur 015000, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The double whammy facing agricultural production in Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia is the decreased water for diversion from the Yellow River to the district and the increased demand for water in agricultural production. Spring wheat is a staple crop in the district and needs irrigation in spring prior to its sowing. The water used in traditional spring irrigation was excessive and its efficacy is often undermined by the cold weather in April and the dry hot wind in July, leading to a low yield and poor grain quality. Film-mulched drip irrigation coupled with hole-sowing can ameliorate these detrimental effects. 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the film-mulched drip irrigation coupled with hole-sowing on soil moisture and temperature, as well as its consequence for growth and grain quality of the spring wheat in the district.【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2017—2018. We compared three irrigation levels: 2 175 m3/hm2 (W1), 2 700 m3/hm2 (W2) and 3 225 m3/hm2 (W3), with the traditional border irrigation taken as the control (CK). In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal change in both soil moisture and temperature, as well as crop growth and the ultimate yield and grain quality.【Result】The film-mulched drip irrigation increased the average moisture content in top 0~40 cm soil by 47.90% to 18.58%, the temperature by 0.81 ℃ and the yield by 20.80% on average over the two years compared to the CK. The yield and water use efficiency varied with irrigation amount, and the average yield of W3 treatment was the highest while its water use efficiency was the lowest. The mulched drip irrigation increased the content of protein and wet gluten by 1.02% and 2.42% respectively compared to the CK (p<0.05), with the increase in W1 being the highest even compared with W3 (p<0.05).【Conclusion】 The film-mulched drip irrigation significantly increased the soil temperature and moisture, facilitating seed germination and its subsequent development as a result. This in turn increased the number of tillers and led the fruits to mature early, avoiding the grouting due to the high temperature in July. The mulched drip irrigation is more effective in improving the contents of protein and wet gluten in grains and reducing the water assumption. On average, irrigating 2 700 m3/hm2 was optimal in terms of increasing biomass, yield, water yield, protein and wet gluten contents of the grain. |
| Key words: film-mulched drip irrigation; spring wheat; soil moisture and temperature; grain quality |
