| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究极端干旱区（吐哈盆地）滴灌葡萄合理灌溉施肥制度。【方法】在大田尺度上采用二因素完全区组设计，分别在无核白葡萄新梢生长期、花期、浆果生长期和浆果成熟期进行调亏灌溉，并以全生育期充分灌溉为对照（分别标记为W1、W2、W3、W4、CK），设置N、P2O5、K2O施肥质量比为1∶1∶1、2∶2∶3、2∶1∶2（分别标记为F1、F2、F3），各处理全生育期施肥量均为825 kg/hm2，共计15个处理，研究了水肥配比对葡萄生长指标、产量和品质的影响。【结果】在无核白葡萄浆果成熟期进行调亏灌溉，新梢长度、茎粗以及产量指标与充分灌溉相比无显著差异，但可溶性固形物和还原性糖量较充分灌溉提高了7.80%和5.61%，可滴定酸量降低了22.19%。在同一灌水水平下，与F3处理相比，F2处理施肥的新梢长度、茎粗和产量分别提高5.48%、1.03%和3.95%，可溶性固形物和还原性糖量分别提高了4.29%和9.90%，同时可滴定酸量降低了8.72%。【结论】在浆果成熟期对无核白葡萄进行调亏灌溉，并采用F2处理施肥配比（N 235.7 kg/hm2+P2O5 235.7 kg/hm2+K2O 353.6 kg/hm2）时，极端干旱区滴灌葡萄能够有效达到节水增质的目的。 |
| 关键词: 极端干旱区；滴灌葡萄；调亏灌溉；施肥配比；产量；品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| The Effects of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation Coupled with Different Fertilizations on Growth, Yield and Quality of Grape |
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WEN Yue, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, DING Hongwei, ZOU Jie, CHEN Rui, ZHANG Jianli
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1. College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Excessive irrigation and fertilization is often used by farmers in China and probably other countries as an insurance to safeguard agricultural production. It is not only economically costly but also has a detrimental impact on the environment. 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to experimentally seek an optimal regulated drip irrigation schedule and fertilization for grape production in the extremely arid regions in Tuha basin of China. 【Method】 The field irrigation and fertilization experiments were designed using the complete two-factor test design method, and seedless white grape was used as the model plant. The deficit irrigation was introduced at shoot growth stage (W1), flowering stage (W2), berry growth (W3) or berry maturing stage (W4) respectively, with sufficient irrigation during the whole growth season taken as the control (CK). Added to each irrigation treatment were three fertilizations with the ratios of N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizers being 1∶1∶1 (F1), 2∶2∶3 (F2) and 2∶1∶2 (F3) respectively, with the total fertilizers applied in each treatment during the whole growth season being controlled at 825 kg/hm2. Overall, we had 15 treatments, each having three replicates. 【Result】 Compared to the CK, introducing deficit irrigation at the berry mature stage did not result in a significant decrease in length of new shoots, stem thickness and yield, but increased the soluble solids by 7.8% and reduced the sugar and titrable acid by 5.61% and 22.19% respectively. When irrigation was the same, compared to F3, F2 increased the length of new shoots, stem diameter and yield, soluble solids and sugar by 5.48%, 1.03%, 3.95%, 4.29% and 9.90%, respectively, while reduced the amount of titrable acid by 8.72%.【Conclusion】Introducing drip irrigation at the berry mature stage coupled with a fertilization of 235.7 kg/hm2 of N+235.7 kg/hm2 of P2O5 +353.6 kg/hm2 of K2O was most optimal, saving water and improving fruit quality of the grapes in the extremely arid areas in the Tuba basin. |
| Key words: seedless white grape; drip irrigation; regulated deficit irrigation; fertilization ratio; growth index; yield; quality |
