| 引用本文: | 乔 月,朱建强,吴启侠,等.不同氮肥对不同种植方式稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):32-41. |
| QIAO Yue,ZHU Jiangqiang,WU Qixia,et al.不同氮肥对不同种植方式稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):32-41. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】减少稻田氮径流流失和氨挥发。【方法】设置当地常规施肥（FFP）、缓控肥与尿素配施（CRF）、海藻多糖氮肥替代（HTN）及不施氮对照（CK）共4个氮肥管理措施，观察不同种植方式（机插稻、直播稻）下稻田径流水中氮的流失量及氨挥发特征。【结果】直播稻稻田径流氮素损失以铵态氮（NH4+-N）为主，播种前排水导致的氮素径流流失占总氮径流损失量的52%左右；不同氮肥方案下径流氮总流失量呈现为FFP处理＞HTN处理＞CRF处理，机插稻、直播稻全生育期氨挥发损失量、损失率和氨挥发强度也有同样趋势；与FFP处理相比，CRF处理和HTN处理的机插稻全生育期氨挥发损失率分别降低了12.5%和4.3%，氨挥发强度分别降低了43.1%和17.8%，直播稻氨挥发损失率分别降低了23.2%和12.2%，氨挥发强度分别降低了53.3%和26.8%；与FFP相比，在CRF、HTN处理下机插稻分别增产9.31%和4.70%，直播稻分别增产9.25%和4.91%。【结论】在水稻全生育期内，直播稻的氨挥发通量、损失率和氨挥发强度均大于机插稻，在施肥总量控制和磷、钾肥施用相同的情况下，选择适当种类的氮肥进行基肥、分蘖肥合理配施，既能减少氮素田间损失、提高氮素利用率，还可以增加水稻产量。 |
| 关键词: 径流氮流失；田面水；氨挥发；机插稻；直播稻 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020145 |
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| Nitrogen Loss from Surface Runoff and Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Field as Impacted by Different Fertilizers and Planting Methods |
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QIAO Yue, ZHU Jiangqiang*, WU Qixia*, XIE Chunjiao, LI Minghui, HUANG Siqing
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Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objectives】Nitrogen loss from agricultural soils is an environmental concern worldwide and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the types of nitrogen fertilizers and planting methods on reducing nitrogen loss from surface runoff and ammonia volatilization from paddy field.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field with the rice established either from machine transplanting (MTR) or direct drill (DSR). Added to these were four nitrogen fertilizations: conventional fertilization (FFP), slow-controlled fertilizer combined with urea (CRF) and seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer (HTN), with no nitrogen application as control (CK). In each treatment, we measured nitrogen loss from the surface runoff and ammonia volatilization.【Result】Nitrogen lost from surface runoff was dominated by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), with the loss from the drainage prior to the planting accounted for approximately 52% of the total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff. The impact of fertilizers on total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF, the same as the loss rate and intensity of ammonia volatilization (AV) for both MTR and DSR. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN each in combination with MTR reduced the AV loss during the whole growth season by 12.5% and 4.3% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 43.1% and 17.8% respectively; when combining each with DSR, they reduced AV loss rate by 23.2% and 12.2% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 53.3% and 26.8% respectively. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN increased the yield by 9.31% and 4.70%, respectively, for rice planted using MRT, and 9.25% and 4.91%, respectively, for rice planted using DSR.【Conclusion】 During the whole growth season, planting rice using DSR increased the AV flux, nitrogen loss rate and AV intensity than planting with MTR. The impact of fertilizers on nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF. When the amounts of all applied nutrients were the same, selecting an appropriate nitrogen fertilizer with a rational combination with basal fertilization and tillering-stage dressing can not only reduce nitrogen loss, but also improve nitrogen use efficiency and ultimate yield. |
| Key words: nitrogen loss; surface runoff; ammonia volatilization; machine-transplanting; direct drill |
