| 引用本文: | 李白玉,陈金平,刘安能,等.土壤增温对冬小麦生长特性、产量及耗水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(6):21-27. |
| LI Baiyu,CHNE Jinping,LIU Anneng,et al.土壤增温对冬小麦生长特性、产量及耗水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(6):21-27. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨土壤增温对冬小麦生长发育、耗水特性及产量的影响。【方法】采用埋设于地表以下1.2 m的供热管道给土壤增温，在土壤增温期间，距供热管道0、0.5、1.0 m和1.5 m的平均地温较CK依次增加约8.0、6.0、4.0 ℃和2.0 ℃,因此将以上位置所代表的条带设置为T8、T6、T4处理和T2处理，并设置无增温对照（CK），分析土壤不同增温处理下冬小麦的根系生长、植株生长发育、产量构成、耗水量和水分利用效率（WUE）等指标。【结果】土壤增温≥6.0 ℃可使冬小麦根系下扎至100 cm，<6.0 ℃时最大根系限制在80 cm以内。土壤增温有利于冬小麦株高和叶面积指数（LAI）的增加，越冬期历时缩减，并提前进入返青拔节阶段，但生长后期却出现了早衰现象，增温幅度越大，早衰现象也越提前，直接影响冬小麦的产量形成。增温2.0 ℃的成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、籽粒产量和生物产量均显著高于其他处理，增温≥4.0 ℃则显著降低冬小麦籽粒产量和生物产量。从土壤增温对冬小麦耗水量（ET）和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响来看，ET表现为：T2处理>CK>T4处理>T6处理>T8处理，WUE表现为：T2处理>T4处理>CK>T6处理>T8处理，且T2处理的ET和WUE显著高于其他处理。【结论】冬小麦越冬至返青期土壤增温（2.0 ℃）有利于后期产量形成和WUE提高。 |
| 关键词: 土壤温度；根系分布；产量构成；灌浆速率；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020631 |
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| Soil Warming Changed Growth, Yield and Water Consumption of Winter Wheat |
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LI Baiyu, CHNE Jinping, LIU Anneng, WU Pengju, WANG Hezhou
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1. Qingdao Institute of Technology, Qingdao 266300, China;2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;3. National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Global warming would lead to soil temperature rising and alter the physical and biogeochemical properties of the soil. How these affect the growth and yield of crops remains largely absurd, and the purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study on the effect of soil warming on growth and yield of winter wheat in central China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2012—2103 at a field in the Comprehensive Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences at Shangqiu. A heating pipeline buried 1.2 m deep warmed the whole soil profile, and the control was a site far away from the pipe (CK). Based on the horizontal distance from the pipe, we divided the topsoil into four warming zones: right above the pipe with the soil temperature increased by 8 ℃ (T8, compared to CK, same hereafter), 0.5 m away from the pipe with the soil temperature increased by 6 ℃ (T6), 1.0m from the pipe with the soil temperature increased by 4 ℃ (T4), 1.5 m from the pipe with the soil temperature increased by 2 ℃ (T2). In each treatment, we measured root growth and its traits, yield traits, water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE).【Result】The soil temperature peaked at 14:00 every day. Increasing soil temperature by 2.0 ℃ was beneficial to root growth, while over 4.0 ℃ would impede root growth. Most roots were found in the 0~40 cm of soil, with the root-length density in which accounting for more than 75% of the total root lengths from the tillering stage to the green stage over the soil profile. Soil warming boosted crop height and its leaf area index (LAI) after the greening stage, but slowed down crop growth at the late stages, especially in the high-temperature zones. Increasing soil temperature by less than 4.0 ℃ significantly increased grain and biological yields, the number of spikes, the number of spikes per spike, and the 1 000-grain weight. In contrast, increasing soil warming by more than 4.0 ℃ significantly reduced the yield traits. We found that soil warming also impacted water consumption (ET) and WUE, with the impact ranked in the order T2>CK>T4> T6> T8 for ET, and T2> T4>CK> T6> T8 for WUE, despite the insignificant difference between CK and T4.【Conclusion】Increasing soil temperature by 2.0 ℃ over the ambient temperature is beneficial to the yield and WUE of the winter wheat. |
| Key words: soil warming; root distribution; yield traits; grain-filling rate; water use efficiency |
