| 引用本文: | 苏 寒,王金涛,董心亮,等.不同质量浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和生理生化特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):1-9. |
| SU Han,WANG Jintao,DONG Xinliang,et al.不同质量浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和生理生化特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):1-9. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定适宜灌溉冬小麦的咸水质量浓度阈值，通过相关性分析确定不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下影响冬小麦产量的生长和生理生化指标。【方法】旱棚桶栽试验设置2个冬小麦品种：石麦22（SM22）和小偃60（XY60），以及4个冬小麦咸水灌溉质量浓度：1 g/L（Q1）、3 g/L（Q2）、5 g/L（Q3）和7 g/L（Q4），研究了不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下冬小麦产量特征、生长和灌浆期生理生化特性。【结果】2个冬小麦品种在不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下产量变化趋势一致，但减产的程度不同。与1 g/L灌水处理相比，3、5 g/L和7 g/L咸水灌溉下石麦22的减产率分别为3.23%、24.19%和51.61%，小偃60的减产率分别为9.88%、35.80%和51.85%。随咸水质量浓度的增加，小麦产量要素（穗数和千粒质量）、生长性状（株高、旗叶叶面积、地上生物量和根生物量）、生理性状（旗叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率和叶绿素相对量（SPAD））、生化性状（叶K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+和Mg2+/Na+）显著下降，而小麦叶脯氨酸和Na+量显著增加。不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下，产量与千粒质量（r=0.991，P<0.001）、株高（r=0.955，P<0.01）、地上部生物量（r=0.961，P<0.01）、根生物量（r=0.835，P<0.05）、叶片SPAD值（r=0.943，P<0.01）以及K+/Na+（r=0.908，P<0.05）显著正相关，与脯氨酸量（r=-0.838，P<0.05）以及Na+量（r=-0.861，P<0.05）显著负相关。【结论】不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下，不同冬小麦品种产量、生长和灌浆期生理生化表现趋势一致。7 g/L咸水灌溉对桶栽小麦产量影响显著，小麦咸水灌溉的质量浓度阈值为3~5 g/L。不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下，产量三要素中千粒质量是影响小麦产量的最主要因素；株高和生物量是影响小麦产量的主要生长指标，旗叶SPAD值是影响小麦产量的主要生理指标，叶脯氨酸量、Na+量以及K+/Na+是影响小麦产量的生化指标。 |
| 关键词: 咸水灌溉；冬小麦；产量；生理生化特性；耐盐阈值 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020604 |
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| Effects of Different Saline Water Irrigation on Yield, Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Winter Wheat |
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SU Han, WANG Jintao, DONG Xinliang, CHEN Pei, SUN Rui, LIU Xiaojing, SUN Hongyong
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1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of the study is to determine the appropriate irrigation water salinity threshold for winter wheat. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the important growth, physiological and biochemical indexes related to wheat yield under different saline water irrigation.【Method】The pots experiment was conducted in 2019/20 season with two winter wheat varieties of SM22 and XY60 and four irrigation water salinities of 1 g/L, 3 g/L, 5g/L and 7 g/L. Irrigation water salinity with 1 g/L was taken as the control (CK). During the experiment, we measured the changes in yield, of wheat, as well as its physiological and biochemical traits in each treatment.【Result】The yield of both wheat varieties decreased as irrigation water salinity increased though at different rates. Compared with the CK, irrigating with saline water at concentration of 3, 5 and 7 g/L reduced the yield of SM22 by 3.23%, 24.19% and 51.61% respectively, and the yield of XY60 by 9.88%, 35.80% and 51.85% respectively. In terms of plant traits, increasing irrigation water salinity reduced the spike number and 1 000-kernel weight, plant height, flag leaf area, above- and below-ground biomasses, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the flag leaf, K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ ratios in the leaves during grain-filling stage. All these reductions were at significant level. In contrast, it increased the proline content and Na+ content in leaves during the grain-filling period at significant level. In all treatments, the wheat yields were to be positively correlated to the following traits at significant level (p<0.05): 1 000-kernel weight with r=0.991, plant height with r=0.955, aboveground biomass with r=0.961, root biomass with r=0.835, SPAD with r=0.943, leaf K+/Na+ with r=0.908; and negatively correlated with the following traits at significant level (p<0.05): leaf proline content with r=-0.838, and Na+ content with r=-0.861.【Conclusion】The response of yield, growth, physiological and biochemical traits for the two wheat varieties to different irrigation water salinity had the similar trend. When irrigation water salinity was 7 g/L, there was significantly difference for the grain yield compared to the CK. Irrigation water salinity threshold of winter wheat was 3~5 g/L. In terms of traits which affect the ultimate yield, the1 000-kernel weight was the most important yield trait; plant height, above- and below-ground biomasses were the most important growth traits; flag leaf SPAD was the most important physiological trait; leaf proline content, Na+ content and K+/Na+ were the most important biochemical traits. |
| Key words: saline water irrigation; winter wheat; grain yield; physiological and biochemical traits; irrigation water salinity threshold |
