| 引用本文: | 王青松,冯 浩,董勤各,等.地膜覆盖对河套灌区春玉米耗水结构及水分利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):10-18. |
| WANG Qingsong,FENG Hao,DONG Qin’ge,et al.地膜覆盖对河套灌区春玉米耗水结构及水分利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):10-18. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同颜色地膜覆盖对春玉米农田蒸散量及蒸散结构的影响。【方法】在内蒙古河套灌区开展了黑色地膜覆盖（M2）、透明地膜覆盖（M1）和不覆膜（M0）春玉米试验，采用微型棵间蒸渗仪法、水量平衡法，在玉米生育期内测定并计算土壤含水率、农田蒸散量、棵间蒸发量及其占比，分析了不同覆盖处理下农田水量平衡、作物产量及水分利用效率。【结果】在土壤剖面0~120 cm土层内，覆膜处理土壤含水率显著高于不覆膜处理，M1、M2处理的土壤贮水能力优于M0处理，同时覆膜处理显著降低了春玉米农田蒸散量，与M0处理相比分别降低了6.10%、8.18%；主要原因在于覆膜降低了土壤棵间蒸发，与M0处理相比，M1、M2处理分别降低了28.43%、33.20%的土壤蒸发量，改善了农田的耗水结构，从而导致更多的无效水分消耗转化为作物可利用的水分，进而提高春玉米产量与水分利用效率；与M0处理相比，M1、M2处理的产量分别增大22.83%、10.31%；水分利用效率分别增加了30.79%、20.12%。此外，在河套灌区常见透明地膜与黑色地膜覆盖条件下，透明地膜消耗了更多的水分，但同时透明地膜处理可以在后期利用更多的毛管上升水且具有更高的产量与水分利用效率。【结论】在河套灌区利用覆膜技术，可以有效地改善春玉米农田的耗水结构，提高春玉米产量与水分利用效率；相比于黑色地膜，透明地膜是最适宜河套灌区的农艺措施。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米；透明地膜；黑色地膜；蒸散发；棵间蒸发；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020735 |
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| The Effectiveness of Mulching in Improving Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Hetao Irrigation District Varied with Types of Plastic Films |
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WANG Qingsong, FENG Hao, DONG Qin’ge, LI Cheng, QUAN Hao, CHEN Hao
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1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
3. Institute of Water and Soil Conservation. Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】 Mulching has been widely used in agricultural production in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia to improve soil temperature and reduce soil water evaporation. However, if and how film types such as their color and materials affect evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of crops is an issue that is largely elusive. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally address this knowledge gap.【Method】The experiments were conducted at a spring maize field, with the soil surface mulched by either black plastic film (M2) or transparent plastic film (M1). No-mulching was taken as the control (CK). During the experiment, we measured the changes in soil moisture, evaporation and evapotranspiration in each treatment. The water use efficiency and water consumption of the maize in each treatment were calculated based on water balance in the root-zone soil.【Result】Regardless of the film types, mulching significantly increased the water in 0~120 cm soil because of the reduced evapotranspiration, with the evapotranspiration and evaporation under black and transparent plastic films reduced by 6.10% and 8.18%, and 28.43% and 33.20%, respectively, compared to those in the CK. These hence increased the bioavailable water to the maize and the eventual yield. In particular, M1 and M2 increased the maize yield by 22.83% and 10.31%, and water use efficiency by 30.79% and 20.12%, respectively, compared to CK. Water consumption in M1 was more than that in M2, but water movement from the subsoil to the topsoil at the late growth stage boosted crop yield and increased its water use efficiency as a result. 【Conclusion】Plastic film mulching of the spring maize in Hetao irrigation district reduced the evapotranspiration, and consequently increased its yield and water using efficiency. Comparison revealed that mulching with the transparent film is more effective and agronomically suitable for the studied region |
| Key words: spring maize; transparent plastic film; black plastic film; evapotranspiration; evaporation; water use efficiency |
