| 引用本文: | 付佳祥,李晓爽,刘宏权,等.灌溉制度对冬小麦茎基腐病及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(9):24-31. |
| FU Jiaxiang,LI Xiaoshuang,LIU Hongquan,et al.灌溉制度对冬小麦茎基腐病及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(9):24-31. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究最大限度减少茎基腐病感染造成产量损失的灌溉制度和品种的最优组合。【方法】采用裂区试验，以春季5个灌溉制度为主处理（不灌水对照处理-W0，1水-W1，2水-W2，3水-W3，4水-W4），以3个不同类型小麦品种为副处理（小麦品种为衡观35，济麦22，衡9966），研究不同灌溉制度和品种对茎基腐病感病率、土壤含水率和产量的影响。【结果】不同灌溉制度对冬小麦茎基腐病具有显著影响，W3处理和W4处理相对其他处理患茎基腐病的概率最低，患重度茎基腐病的概率最低，衡9966的抗病性相比衡观35和济麦22要强；小麦不同生育期各土层含水率垂直分布变化较大，在成熟期，灌溉次数越多土壤中未被利用的剩余水分越多；在受茎基腐病的影响下，3个品种在不同灌水处理下的产量均为W4处理>W3处理>W1处理>W2处理>W0处理，不同品种的产量依次为衡9966>衡观35>济麦22；根据茎基腐病的感病率折算出的产量和实际产量，拟合度很高，其中济麦22的拟合效果最好；3个品种在W0处理产量损失最大，W3处理和W4处理较小，且衡9966较衡观35和济麦22产量损失较小。【结论】在茎基腐病影响下建议春灌3水，品种选用衡9966，可以在减少水消耗的基础上有效降低茎基腐病感病率，提高冬小麦的产量。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦；灌溉制度；品种；茎基腐病；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021069 |
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| Managing Irrigation Scheduling to Alleviate the Impact of Salk Rot and Improve Yield of Winter Wheat |
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FU Jiaxiang, LI Xiaoshuang, LIU Hongquan, DANG Hongkai, YU Lina, KE Yanjun, MA Junyong
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(1. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; 2. Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China;
3. Institute of Dry Farming, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China;
4. Zaoqiang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Zaoqiang 053011, China)
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Stem and root rot is a common disease of winter wheat. It not only affects crop growth but also root uptake of water. Considering that increasing irrigation times might spread the pathogen, an optimal combination of irrigation scheduling and rot-resistant wheat cultivars could alleviate the detrimental impact of stalk rot. The objective of this paper is to elucidate how irrigation scheduling combined with wheat varieties can minimize the yield loss due to stalk rot infection.【Method】The experiments were conducted in a field with all treatments organized based on split-zone design. We compared three wheat varieties: Hengguan 35, Jimai 22 and Heng 9966. For each variety, there were five irrigation treatments: Irrigating once (W1), twice (W2), three times (W3) and four times (W4), with no-irrigation taken as the control (CK); the irrigation amount in each irrigation was the same. In the experiment, we measured the susceptibility of the crop to the rot, soil moisture content, and the final yield.【Result】Irrigation scheduling had a significant effect on the occurrence of the stem rot. Regardless of the wheat varieties, stalk rots were least to occur when the wheat was watered with W3 and W4 irrigation scheduling. Heng 9966 was most rot-resistant among the three varieties. Soil water distribution varied with both growing stages and irrigation scheduling. When the wheat was maturing, the soil water content increased with irrigation times. Considering the impact of the pathogen, the impact of irrigation scheduling on the average yield of the three varieties was ranked in the order of W4> W3> W1> W2> W0. The average yield of each variety was ranked in the order of Heng 9966> Hengguan 35> Jimai 22. Regression analysis revealed that the yield estimated based on rot infection and the measured yield were highly correlated, especially for Jimai 22. Averaging over the three varieties, irrigation scheduling W0 gave rise to the highest yield loss, while the loss in W3 and W4 was the least. On average, the impact of the stem rot on wheat yield was the least for Heng 9966.【Conclusion】Considering the potential occurrence of stem rot, planting Heng 9966 and irrigating it three times were most effective to alleviate the pathogen and improve crop yield, while in the meantime reducing its water consumption. |
| Key words: winter wheat; irrigation scheduling; wheat variety; stem rot; yield |
