| 引用本文: | 雷金银,雷晓婷,尹志荣,等.灌溉制度对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(9):32-39. |
| LEI Jinyin,LEI Xiaoting,YIN Zhirong,et al.灌溉制度对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(9):32-39. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄优势品种与灌溉之间的协同关系、提升精量灌溉水平。【方法】采用二因素条区设计，以当地酿酒葡萄优势品种赤霞珠（V1）、马瑟兰（V2）、梅鹿辄(V3)、西拉（V4）、黑比诺（V5）为试验材料，以常规灌水量4 500 m3/hm2为对照（W1），另设4个灌水量，分别为4 050 m3/hm2（W2）、3 600 m3/hm2（W3）、3 150 m3/hm2（W4）、2 700 m3/hm2（W5），研究不同灌溉制度对酿酒葡萄优势品种生长、产量和品质的影响。【结果】各酿酒葡萄品种基径粗由大到小排序为：V3、V2、V4、V1、V5。各酿酒葡萄品种间光合速率（P＜0.01）、蒸腾速率（P＜0.05）和叶片气孔导度（P＜0.01）差异显著；不同灌溉制度对生长发育、生理特征、产量和品质影响显著。V2在W4处理下基径粗最大为14.62 cm，V3、V4、V5分别在W3、W4、W1处理下基径粗最大分别为11.24、12.51、11.14 cm。W3处理下V2 SPAD值最高为42.50，W5处理下V4 SPAD值最低为28.91；品种和灌水交互作用，V1在W3处理下总产量高达4 256.7 kg/hm2，总酚量最高达4.88 g/kg；V2在W3处理下可溶性固形物量高达26.6%、总酚量为4.43 g/kg；V3在W1处理下品质及产量俱佳，总产量最高为4 425.3 kg/hm2；V4表现出对水分需求大，W1处理下基径粗明显高于其他处理，另外光合、产量及品质指标均明显高于其他处理；V5在W3处理下还原糖量最高达20.81%，总花色苷量最高达2.83 g/kg。【结论】赤霞珠、马瑟兰及黑比诺的灌溉制度均以W3处理最优，适合于梅鹿辄和西拉的最优灌溉制度为W1处理。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌量；酿酒葡萄；产量；品质；葡萄品种 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020695 |
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| Adjusting Irrigation Scheduling to Improve Growth, Yield and Quality of Wine Grapes in East-Foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia |
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LEI Jinyin, LEI Xiaoting, YIN Zhirong, JI Lidong, YANG Yang, ZHOU Lina, QI Huanjun
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1.Agricultural Resources and Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,
Yinchuan 750002, China; 2.Agriculture College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 75002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Plant growth and its consequence for quality and yield are modulated by many biotic and abiotic factors. Taking grape in east-foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia as an example, this paper aims to study how growth, yield and quality of grapes of different varieties can be improved by adjusting irrigation scheduling.【Method】The field experiment compared five grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (V1), Matheran (V2), Merlot (V3), Syrah (V4), and Pinot Noir (V5). For each variety, we compared five irrigation treatments: Conventional irrigation with irrigation amount of 4 500 m3/hm2 (CK), reducing the irrigation amount to 4 050 m3/hm2 (W2), 3 600 m3/hm2 (W3), 3 150 m3/hm2 (W4), and 2 700 m3/hm2 (W5). In each treatment, we measured the changes in physiological and seed traits of the grapes.【Result】Grape varieties affected grape growth and the associated physiological traits the most. On average, V3 had the largest base stem diameter, followed by V1, V2, while V5 has the least. There were significant differences in photosynthetic rate (P<0.01), transpiration rate (P<0.05) and stomatal conductance (P<0.01) between the varieties. Irrigation scheduling affected physiological traits. The stem diameter of V2, V3, V4 and V5 was the greatest when they irrigated with W4, W3, W4 and W1 respectively, with the diameter being 14.62, 11.24, 12.51 and 11.14 cm respectively. The chlorophyll content of V2 was the highest (42.50) under W3, and that of V4 was the least (28.91) under W5. The impact of irrigation on yield and yield traits varied with variety. The yield and phenol content of V1 peaked under W3, being 4 256.7 kg/hm2 and 4.88 g/kg respectively. The content of soluble solids and phenol content of V2 maximized under W3, being 26.6% and 4.43 g/kg respectively. The yield of V3 was the highest under W1, being 4 425.3 kg/hm2. In contrast, V4 was more water demanding and its base stem diameter, photosynthesis, yield and quality under W1 were significantly higher than that under other irrigation treatments. The reduced sugars content and total anthocyanins of V5 was the highest under W3, being 20.81% and 2.83 g/kg respectively.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation was W3 for varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Matheran, Syrah and Pinot Noir, and W1 for varieties of Merlot and Syrah. |
| Key words: irrigation scheduling; wine grape; yield; quality; grape variety |
