| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解黄河流域水环境状况可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供依据。【方法】选取黄河干流及主要支流湟水、渭河和汾河12个水质监测断面和4项水质指标pH值、溶解氧（DO）、高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）和氨氮（NH3-N），并利用多元统计方法分析了水质时空差异性及其变化特征，同时引入水污染指数法（WPI）对整体的水环境状况进行评估分析。【结果】黄河干流水质状况最好，湟水和渭河水质状况次之，汾河水质状况最差，且水质指标在空间和时间上均呈显著的差异性；监测断面海东民和桥、渭南潼关吊桥和运城河津大桥的WPI值达到IV类及以上水质标准的频率较高，分别为66.30%、98.91%和78.26%；各监测断面在春季和冬季的水质状况较差，而夏季和秋季水质状况相对较好。各监测断面的WPI值均呈下降趋势，其中海东民和桥、中卫新墩和天水牛背等3个监测断面的下降趋势比较显著；基于WPI指数的时空聚类分析结果与水体污染物浓度的时空分布情况具有一致性，空间上海东民和桥、渭南潼关吊桥和运城河津大桥WPI值的波动性相对较大，时间上1—3月的WPI值波动性相对较大。【结论】黄河干流及主要支流水质状况具有明显的时空差异性，但整体上水环境条件正在逐渐改善。 |
| 关键词: 黄河；时空差异性；水污染指数；聚类分析 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021621 |
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| Spatiotemporal Variation in Water Quality in the Yellow River Basin |
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ZHANG Yan1,3,4, LIANG Zhijie1,4, ZOU Lei2, LI Ping1,4, DOU Ming3,5, HUANG Zhongdong1, QI Xuebin1,4*, GAO Qing1,4
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(1.Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3. School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 4.Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China; 5. School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】The Yellow River is the second largest river in China, flowing through six provinces across the county from the west to the east. The rapid economic development and the increased anthropogenic activity over the past four decades, however, have resulted in changes in its runoffs and water quality both temporally and spatially. Understanding these changes can help improve water management and maintain ecological sustainability of the river. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey on the water quality of Yellow River and its tributaries.【Method】We selected 12 sections in the river and its tributaries, and measured pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3) in each section at different seasons. Spatiotemporal variations in these chemical properties were analyzed using the multivariate statistical method, and the quality of the water at each section was quantified using a water pollution index (WPI).【Result】Water quality of the river was the best in the mainstream, followed by its tributaries Huangshui River and Weihe River, with the water quality in Fen river being the worst. All four chemical properties varied spatiotemporally. The WPI measured at different seasons in the sections at Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Tongguan Suspension Bridge in Weinan, and Yuncheng Hejin Bridge in Yuncheng, reached Class IV water quality standard or above at frequencies of 66.30%, 98.91% and 78.62%, respectively. In general, the water quality of all sections was poor in spring and winter but improved in summer and autumn. During the measuring period, the WPI in all sections had been in decrease, especially the sections at Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Zhongwei Xintun, and Tianshui Niubei. Cluster analysis based on the WPI index was consistent with the spatiotemporal distribution of the pollutant concentrations, and the seasonal fluctuation in WPI at Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Tongguan Suspension Bridge in Weinan, and Hejin Bridge in Yuncheng, was higher, especially from January to March, than that in other sections. 【Conclusion】The water quality of Yellow River and its tributaries varied spatiotemporally, but overall it has been improving. |
| Key words: Yellow river; spatiotemporal variation; water pollution index; cluster analysis |
