| 引用本文: | 孙嘉星,王丽娟,韩卫华,等.不同灌溉水平对酿酒葡萄茎秆液流特征和产量、品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):18-24. |
| SUN Jiaxing,WANG Lijuan,HAN Weihua,et al.不同灌溉水平对酿酒葡萄茎秆液流特征和产量、品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):18-24. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】制定适宜的酿酒葡萄灌溉制度。【方法】以10 a生“赤霞珠”酿酒葡萄为研究对象，灌水设置高水HW（100%M，M为灌水定额）、中水MW（80%M）、低水LW（60%M）3个水平。采用热扩散式茎流计（TDP）5—10月连续监测酿酒葡萄生育期内茎秆液流速率，分析酿酒葡萄茎秆液流特征与环境因子之间的关系，并比较了不同水分处理的产量和品质。【结果】酿酒葡萄茎秆液流速率在不同生育期内表现出明显的昼夜节律的日变化趋势，季节变化表现出先升高后降低的趋势。酿酒葡萄茎秆液流速率在不同灌溉水平下排序为：HW处理＞MW处理＞LW处理；液流速率与太阳辐射和空气温度正相关，与空气相对湿度负相关，通过对液流速率与空气温度、太阳辐射、空气相对湿度、风速4个气象因子的多元回归分析表明，回归系数均达到显著水平且整体相关性最高的为MW处理。酿酒葡萄在MW处理产量最大，为10 736.68 kg/hm2，LW处理最小，为9 900.93 kg/hm2。不同水分处理对酿酒葡萄灌溉水利用效率存在显著的影响（P<0.05），灌溉水利用效率随着灌水量的增大逐渐减小。MW处理果实可溶性固形物最大（23.05%），单宁量达到3.51 mg/g，果皮总酚量达到59.01 mg/g，且与其他处理之间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。【结论】中等水分处理MW可以使酿酒葡萄在维持正常生长的条件下产量和品质最佳。
关 键 词：水肥一体化；酿酒葡萄；液流速率；产量；品质 |
| 关键词: 水肥一体化；酿酒葡萄；液流速率；产量；品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021048 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| The Effects of Irrigation Amount on Sap Flow in Stems of Wine Grape and Its Consequence for Grape Yield and Quality |
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SUN Jiaxing, WANG Lijuan, HAN Weihua, GONG Daozhi, GAO Lili, LI Haoru, MAO Lili, HAO Weiping
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Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Dryland Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】 Sufficient sunlight and large diurnal temperature variation in Huaian-Xuanhua Basin in Zhangjiakou City of Hebei province makes it an ideal area for growing wine grape, but this is hindered by its scarce water resource and pore soil quality. Traditional irrigation and fertilization not only waste precious water and fertilizers but also compromise grape yield and quality. Improving use efficiency of irrigation water and fertilizers is hence essential to sustaining wine grape industry in this region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally how to achieve this via drip fertigation.【Method】We used 10- year cabernet sauvignon as the model plant. The field experiment was conducted in 2019 at a grape vineyard in Zhangjiakou. There were three irrigation treatments: sufficient irrigation (HW), moderate deficit irrigation using 80% of the water in HW (MW), and severe deficit irrigation using 60% of the water in HW (LW). For each treatment, we measured the sap flow from May to October in the stems, fruit yield and quality, and water use efficiency of the grapes, from which we analysed the relationship between sap flow and environmental factors.【Result】The sap flow showed a circadian rhythm; seasonally, it increased first and then fell as time elapsed. The impact of irrigation amount on sap flow was ranked in the order of HW > MW > LW. It was found that the sap flow rate was positively correlated to solar radiation and air temperature, while negatively correlated to air relative humidity. Multiple regression revealed the sap flow rate varied with air temperature, solar radiation, air relative humidity and wind speed, all at significant level, especially in MW. The maximum fruit yield was 10 736.68 kg/hm2 achieved in MW, and the least was 9 900.93 kg/hm2 due to water deficit in LW. Irrigation amount had a significant effect on irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) (P<0.05), with the IWUE decreasing as the irrigation amount increased. In MW, the content of fruit soluble solids, tannin and total phenols in the fruits was 23.05%, 3.51 mg/g and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, differing significantly from those in other treatments (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis showed that a moderate deficit irrigation can improve fruit yield and quality of the wine grape in the studied area. |
| Key words: drip fertigation; wine grape; sap flow; fruit yield and quality |
