| 引用本文: | 严程明,安东升,刘亚男,等.季节性干旱区覆膜滴灌对菠萝园降水入渗的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):25-32. |
| YAN Chengming,AN Dongsheng,LIU Ya’nan,et al.季节性干旱区覆膜滴灌对菠萝园降水入渗的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):25-32. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明季节性干旱区滴灌覆膜对菠萝园降水入渗的影响，评估滴灌菠萝园进行地膜覆盖的节水效应。【方法】在大田设置常规栽培对照（CK）、滴灌处理（DF）和滴灌覆膜处理（MF），利用FDR水分监测仪原位监测菠萝种植垄0~100 cm土层的土壤含水率变化过程，研究3个处理对菠萝种植垄降水入渗量和入渗水分再分配的影响。【结果】采用滴灌和滴灌覆膜进行补充灌溉均会限制降水入渗，1个干湿周期内，菠萝种植垄0~100 cm土层总降水入渗量分别较常规雨养栽培降低48.4%和60.8%，但不会影响滴灌覆膜的节水效应。与CK和DF处理相比，MF处理水分农艺生产力分别提高37.5%和13.8%，田间生物量提高13.8%和52.2%。滴灌覆膜会明显提高降水的深层（40~100 cm）入渗比例，中雨、大雨和暴雨下深层入渗比例分别为CK 3.5%、15.8%和30.3%，DF处理2.5%、16.7%和31.5%，MF处理15.7%、39.7%和43.0%。中雨、大雨和暴雨对土壤水分的影响（增幅>4%）深度分别为CK 30、90 cm和30 cm，DF处理20、30 cm和20 cm，MF处理10、50 cm和20 cm，其中以大雨时的影响深度和幅度最大。雨季CK、DF和MF处理土壤含水率随时间的变化波动较大的土层分别是0~30、0~20 cm和0~10 cm。【结论】季节性干旱区滴灌覆膜会降低降水入渗量，并促使降水深层渗漏，但不影响菠萝水分农艺生产力和生物量的提高，从节水和增产的角度考虑，滴灌覆膜技术在菠萝上值得推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌覆膜；降水入渗；季节性干旱；菠萝 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021029 |
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| The Effects of Seasonal Drought on Rainfall Infiltration in Pineapple Plantation under Mulched Drip Irrigation |
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YAN Chengming, AN Dongsheng, LIU Ya’nan, MA Haiyang, DOU Meian
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1. Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang 524091, China; 2. South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,
CATAS, Zhanjiang 524091, China; 3. Guangdong Modern Agriculture (Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-saving Agriculture)
Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Zhanjiang 524091, China;
4. Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Mulched drip irrigation is often used in dry regions for water-saving, but the mulching film could hinder rainfall infiltration and enhance surface runoff as a result. This could reduce the use of natural rainfall by plants, especially in regions where rainfall is abundant in summer and autumn while scarce in other seasons. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the balance of mulched drip irrigation in saving water in dry seasons and losing water in other seasons due to the increased surface runoff.【Method】We took pineapple orchard as an example and conducted the experiment in a field comprising three irrigation treatments: conventional rain-fed cultivation (CK), conventional drip irrigation (DF), and mulched drip irrigation with plastic film (MF). In each treatment, we measured the change in moisture in the 0~100 cm soil profile using FDR sensors.【Result】Both conventional and mulched drip irrigation reduced rainfall infiltration in the planting rows. The total rainfall infiltration in the 0~100 cm soil profile on the planting ridge under DF and MF was 48.4% and 60.8% respectively lower than that under conventional rain-fed cultivation, despite that MF did not affect the water use efficiency and fruit yield. Compared with CK, DF and MF increased agronomic productivity of the water by 37.5% and 13.8% respectively, and field biomass by 13.8% and 52.2% respectively. MF also increased rainfall infiltration in the 40~100 cm soil in the burrow between the planted ridges. The rainfall infiltration ratio of moderate rainfall, heavy rainfall and rainstorm was 3.5%, 15.8% and 30.3% for DF, 2.5%, 16.7% and 31.5% for DF, and 15.7%, 39.7% and 43.0% for MF. The wetting depth (accounted for when soil moisture increase was >4%) associated with moderate rainfall, heavy rainfall and rainstorm was 30 cm, 100 cm and 30 cm for CF, 20 cm, 30 cm and 20 cm for DF, and 10 cm, 50 cm and 20 cm for MF. It was found that the mulched drip irrigation stabilized soil moisture in the planting rows; in rainy season, the depth of soil moisture content affected by CK, DF and MF was 0~30 cm, 0~20 cm and 0~10 cm respectively.【Conclusion】In regions rich in rainfalls in summer and autumn while dry in other seasons, mulched drip irrigation reduced rainfall infiltration and promoted deep infiltration of rainfall, but it does not affect water agronomic productivity and biomass of the pineapple. It is hence beneficial to saving water and increasing pineapple yield. |
| Key words: mulched drip irrigation; rainfall infiltration; seasonal drought; pineapple |
