| 引用本文: | 杨玉辉,周新国,李东伟, 等.暗管排水对南疆高水位膜下滴灌棉田盐分淋洗效果的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):137-144. |
| YANG Yuhui,ZHOU Xinguo,LI Dongwei, et al.暗管排水对南疆高水位膜下滴灌棉田盐分淋洗效果的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):137-144. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索暗管排水对南疆盐碱地改良效果。【方法】在南疆高水位盐渍化棉田开展了2 a暗管排水试验。研究了滴灌条件下暗管排水不同间距与埋深对土壤盐分分布及脱盐率的影响，分析了灌溉淋洗定额对土壤盐渍化程度及暗管排水参数的响应，探讨了适宜南疆高水位盐渍化棉田的暗管排水技术参数。【结果】南疆高水位膜下滴灌棉田无排水时，生育期内灌水对土壤盐分淋洗效果不明显；暗管排水条件下，灌水后土壤盐分淋洗脱盐率在10%~30%之间；土壤盐渍化程度越高，盐分淋洗潜力越大，在暗管排水参数与灌水量一致的条件下，灌水淋洗脱盐效果更佳；土壤淋洗效果一致的条件下，暗管排水间距增加，灌水定额增量呈倍数增长；暗管排水间距与埋深减小时，土壤淋洗脱盐率与淋洗效果均提高。【结论】南疆高水位膜下滴灌棉田暗管排水参数建议为间距10 m、埋深0.8 m。 |
| 关键词: 暗管排水；盐分淋洗；滴灌；盐渍土；盐分淋洗曲线 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021168 |
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| The Efficacy of Subsurface Drain in Desalinizing Cotton Field with Shallow Groundwater and Mulched Drip-irrigation in Southern Xinjiang |
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YANG Yuhui, ZHOU Xinguo, LI Dongwei, et al
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China;
2. College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China;
3.Suqian Sucheng District Horticultural Technology Promotion Station, Suqian 223800, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil problems in southern Xinjiang of China are many and vary, characterized by scarce rainfall, shallow groundwater and high soil salinity. To safeguard crop production, mulched drip irrigation coupled with subsurface drain have been developed as the dominant cultivation in this region. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the efficacy of this system in desalinizing cotton fields.【Method】A two-year experiment was carried out in a cotton field with shallow groundwater table. Spacing of the subsurface drains varied from 10 m to 30 m, and their buried depth varied from 0.8 m to 1.1 m. Treatment without drains was taken as the control (CK). The field was mulched, and the cottons were drip-irrigated. The effect of the drains on spatiotemporal dynamics of soil salt was measured, and its variation in response to irrigation amounts was analyzed.【Result】A lack of drainage system resulted in inter- and intra-annual salt accumulation in the soil surface; installing subsurface drains reduced salt accumulation, with the reduction increasing significantly with the decrease in drain spacing and increase in their burying depth. Irrigation amount did not show a noticeable impact on salt leaching when the drains were absent, while having the drains in place increased the leaching rate by 10%~30%. Significance analysis of the desalination rate of the irrigation showed that salt leaching rate increased significantly with the decrease in drain spacing and the increase in drain depth. Regression analysis found that the desalination rate was impacted by drain spacing more than by the drain depth. The difference in soil salt content before and after the irrigation can be fitted to a leaching curve with R2 > 0.90. Using this curve, we calculated the irrigation amount required to leach salt in the 0~60 cm of soil below a critical value, which can be used to design the subsurface drainage system【Conclusion】The optimal design parameters for the areas we studied were: drain spacing 10 m, and drain depth 0.8 m. This can meet the requirement by keeping the salt content in the cotton field below a critical value. |
| Key words: subsurface drainage; salt leaching; drip irrigation; saline soil; salt leaching curve |
