| 引用本文: | 江柱,张江辉,白云岗, 等..膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):59-67. |
| JIANG Zhu,ZHANG Jianghui,BAI Yungang, et al..膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):59-67. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索南疆地区膜下咸水滴灌条件下水肥盐调控管理模式。【方法】设置不同淡咸水混合比例（1∶0、4∶1和2∶3）和不同施氮量（400、300 kg/hm2和200 kg/hm2）组合方案，其中淡咸水混合比例1∶0、施氮量300 kg/hm2为对照，研究了膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响。【结果】随着灌溉水矿化度的增大，棉株体内盐离子（Na+、Cl-与Ca2+）量呈增加趋势，其中Na+与Cl-量显著增加；吸收的盐离子主要积累在茎和叶，在叶中积累量最高。灌溉水矿化度的增大对棉株N、P和K量及积累量均呈降低趋势。增施氮肥可以有效促进根系干物质的积累和植株对养分与盐离子的吸收，植株体内N和K量显著性增加，有效促进了棉花的生长；同时，增施氮肥也促进了棉株对Na+与Cl-的吸收，淡咸比例4∶1混合灌溉（微咸水）茎和叶中适量的Na+与Cl-积累量有利于抑制高施氮量（400 kg/hm2）营养器官（茎和叶）“徒长”，将高施氮量吸收的更多养分向生殖器官（蕾铃）分配，有利于产量的形成；而淡咸比例2∶3混合灌溉（咸水）Na+与Cl-在棉株体内积累量显著增加，抑制了营养生长及养分向生殖器官的分配，不利于产量的形成。C4:1NH处理棉花干物质积累量蕾铃占比较对照提高1.5%，产量（6 829.80 kg/hm2）达到了接近对照的水平；而C2:3NH处理棉花干物质积累量蕾铃占比较对照提升了0.8%，但由于盐离子在棉株体内的大量积累，单株棉花干物质积累量下降较多，因此产量增加不显著。【结论】淡咸比例4∶1混合灌溉（微咸水）适当的盐分胁迫以及合理的增施氮肥能有效地促进棉花的生长及各器官干物质的分配，在减少20%淡水使用的情况下保障了棉花产量。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；膜下滴灌；咸水；盐离子；养分吸收；干物质分配 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021328 |
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| he Impact of Mulched Drip Fertigation with Saline Water on Uptake of Ions and Nutrients by Cotton |
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JIANG Zhu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, et al.
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1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2.Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China;
3.Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, Urumqi 830057, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the management mode of water, fertilizer and salt under mulched saline water drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Freshwater and saline water were mixed at volumetric ratio of 1∶0, 4∶1 and 2∶3, respectively, for irrigation. For each irrigation treatment, there were three nitrogen applications: 400 kg/hm2 (over applied), 300 kg/hm2 (used by local farmers) and 200 kg/hm2. Freshwater irrigation combined with 300 kg/hm2 of N fertilization was taken as the control. During the experiment, we measured the uptake of ions and nutrients by the crop, as well as dry matter distribution and accumulation【Result】With the increase in irrigation water salinity, the amounts of ions (Na+, Cl- and Ca2+) taken up by the cotton increased, especially Na+ and Cl- . Most of these ions were found in leaves, followed by stems. Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced the uptake of N, P and K, while increasing nitrogen fertilization promoted dry matter accumulation in the roots and uptake of nutrients and ions, thereby boosting plant growth. It was found that increasing nitrogen fertilization enhanced absorption of Na+ and Cl- by the cotton. A moderate accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in stems and leaves associated with 4∶1 of freshwater and saline water suppressed vegetative growth and distributed more nutrients to the buds and bolls, thereby leading to a yield increase. However, over-adsorption of Na+ and Cl- by the crop due to the increase in portion of the saline water could inhibit nutrient uptake and its translocation to the reproductive organs, leading to a yield reduction. Compared with CK, mixing freshwater and saline water at 4∶1 ratio combined with high nitrogen fertilization increased dry matter accumulation by 1.5% without compromising yield (6 829.80 kg/hm2).【Conclusion】Mixing freshwater and saline water at 4∶1 combined with an increase in nitrogen fertilization can promote uptake of ions and nutrients by the crop, as well as translation of dry matter to reproductive organs, without compromising cotton yield. It can thus be used as a guidance for cotton production in southern Xinjiang, China. |
| Key words: cotton; mulched drip irrigation; salt water; salt ions; nutrient uptake; dry matter distribution |
