| 引用本文: | 潘晨,吴倩,杨宇, 等.拔节期淹水条件下施氮量对玉米干物质积累和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):68-74. |
| PAN Chen,WU Qian,YANG Yu, et al.拔节期淹水条件下施氮量对玉米干物质积累和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):68-74. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示拔节期淹水胁迫下施氮量对玉米干物质积累分配及氮素吸收利用的影响。【方法】以春玉米“宜单629”为供试作物，采用2因素裂区田间试验，主处理为土壤水分状况，包括全生育期适宜水分（CS处理）和拔节期淹水6 d（YS处理）；副处理为施氮量，包括0、90、180、270 kg/hm2和360 kg/hm2，分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3和N4，测定了春玉米叶片SPAD值、抽丝期和成熟期各器官干物质和氮素积累量和成熟期籽粒产量。【结果】任一施氮水平下，与CS处理相比，YS处理显著降低玉米叶片的SPAD值、植株干物质和氮素积累量、营养器官氮素转运量、收获指数、氮收获指数和氮素利用效率。随着施氮量的增加，YS处理下植株干物质量、氮素积累量、营养器官氮素转运量、收获指数、氮收获指数和氮素利用效率增加5.2%~41.8%，但氮肥偏生产力减少41.1%~59.4%，氮肥农学利用率先增加后减少；N4处理可以实现氮素转运贡献率和氮素吸收贡献率的协调，但降低氮肥农学利用率。【结论】增施氮肥有利于提高拔节期淹水胁迫下玉米的干物质累积量和吸氮量，且增加二者向籽粒的分配比例，但增加了土壤氮素损失的风险。 |
| 关键词: 施氮量；淹水胁迫；收获指数；氮肥偏生产力；吸氮量；玉米 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021249 |
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| Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation in Maize Waterlogged at Jointing Stage |
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PAN Chen, WU Qian, YANG Yu, et al
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College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Spring maize in central China often experiences temporary waterlogging during its growing season, and the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of nitrogen application in reliving the impact of waterlogging at jointing stage and its consequence for dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization by the crop.【Method】Maize variety of Yidan 629 was used as the model plant. The experiment was designed by split-plot method, and consisted of two water treatments: sufficient irrigation and drainage during the whole growth season (CS), waterlogging the crop at the jointing stage for six days by keeping 3~5 cm depth of water on the soil surface (YS). Added to each water treatment were five nitrogen applications: 0 (N0), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3), and 360 kg/hm2 (N4). During the experiment, we measured leaf SPAD, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen in different organs at the silking and maturity stages, as well as the grain yield.【Result】Compared to CS, YS significantly reduced SPAD, dry matter, nitrogen uptake and translocation from vegetative organs to the grain, harvest index, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency, regardless of N applications. When the crop was subjected to waterlogging, increasing N application improved dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to grain, harvest index, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency by 5.2%~41.8%, while reducing the partial productivity of N fertilizer by 41.1%~59.4%. With the increase in N application, the agronomic use efficiency of the N fertilizer increased first followed by a decline.【Conclusion】Increasing nitrogen application when the crop was under waterlogging at the jointing stage can improve dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, as well as nitrogen translocation to the grains, but at a risk of nitrogen leaching. |
| Key words: nitrogen application rate; waterlogging stress; harvest index; partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogen uptake; maize |
