| 引用本文: | 李银坤,詹保成,郭文忠, 等..基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量的温室生菜适宜灌溉量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(4):13-19. |
| LI Yinkun,ZHAN Baocheng,GUO Wenzhong, et al..基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量的温室生菜适宜灌溉量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(4):13-19. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量（Ep）的温室生菜适宜灌溉策略。【方法】设置5个灌溉处理：0.3Ep（I1）、0.5Ep（I2）、0.7Ep（I3）、0.9Ep（I4）和1.1Ep（I5），利用直径20 cm的称质量式标准蒸发皿自动记录冠层水面蒸发量（Ep），开展了连续2茬温室生菜灌溉试验。通过研究不同灌溉处理对温室生菜蒸散量、地上部生物量、产量和水分利用效率的影响，确定温室生菜适宜的灌溉量及其对应的蒸发皿适宜灌溉系数（Kp）。【结果】试验期间，Ep随时间的增加呈上升趋势，第二茬累积水面蒸发量为96.0 mm，相比第一茬增加了33.3%；太阳辐射是影响Ep的重要环境因子，二者呈极显著的正相关（P<0.01）。第一茬和第二茬各处理的累积蒸散量波动范围分别为43.4~70.4 mm和58.3~73.6 mm，累积蒸散量随灌水量的增加而增加。生菜地上部生物量随灌溉量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化规律，其中I3处理地上部生物量最高，相比I1处理和I5处理分别提高了17.5%~38.2%和4.2%~13.2%。适量灌溉可显著提高温室生菜的产量和水分利用效率，与I1处理和I5处理相比，I3处理的产量增加了36.6%~37.3%和6.1%~23.7%，水分利用效率提高了9.9%~15.2%和12.6%~61.4%。生菜产量和蒸发皿灌溉系数（Kp）之间具有显著的二次曲线关系（P<0.01），综合2茬产量，当Kp为0.77时可获得生菜产量的最高值。【结论】I3处理（即0.7Ep）是供试条件下温室生菜的适宜灌溉处理，在以获得温室生菜高产为目标时，推荐蒸发皿灌溉系数0为0.77。 |
| 关键词: 温室生菜；称质量式蒸渗仪；水面蒸发量；产量；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021458 |
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| Optimizing Irrigation Amount for Greenhouse Lettuce Production Based on Pan-measured Evaporation |
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LI Yinkun, ZHAN Baocheng, GUO Wenzhong, et al.
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1. Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
2. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China;
3. Shanxi Ronghua Agricultural Science and Technology Co. LTD, Xi’an 710000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Optimizing irrigation is critical to sustaining agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using pan-measured evaporation (Ep) to optimize irrigation for greenhouse lettuce production.【Method】The experiment was conducted using weighing-lysimeters installed in a greenhouse. We compared five treatments by irrigating the crop at 30% (I1), 50%, (I2), 70% (I3), 90% (I4) and 110% (I5) of Ep measured from a standard evaporation pan with diameter of 20 cm, respectively. In each treatment, we measured the evapotranspiration, above-ground biomass, yield and water use efficiency, from which we calculated the optimal irrigation amount and its associated pan coefficient (Kp). We rotated the lettuce after harvesting the first one.【Result】It was found that Ep increased as time elapsed, and the cumulative Ep of the rotated crop was 96.0 mm, increasing 33.4% compared to the first harvest. Solar radiation affected Ep most at significant level (P<0.01). The cumulative evapotranspiration in the first and second harvests varied from 43.4 mm to 70.4 mm, and 58.3 to 73.6 mm, respectively, both increasing with the irrigation amount. The cumulative pan-evaporation in the rotated crop under I1, I2 and I5 was 58.3 mm, 67.0 mm and 73.6 mm, respectively. With the increase in irrigation amount, the aboveground biomass increased firstly followed by a falling. Compared with I1 and I5, I3 increased the aboveground biomass by 17.5%~38.2% (P<0.05) and 4.2%~13.2% (P<0.05), respectively. Optimizing the irrigation significantly improved the yield and water use efficiency. Compared with I1 and I5, I3 increased the yield by 36.6%~37.3% (P<0.05) and 6.1%~23.7% (P<0.05), water use efficiency by 9.9%~15.2% (P<0.05) and 12.6%~61.4% (P<0.05), respectively. There was a quadratic relationship between the yield and the pan irrigation coefficient (Kp=0.77) with P<0.01.【Conclusion】Among all treatments we compared, irrigating 70% of evaporation measured from the 20 cm standard pan was optimal for greenhouse lettuce production with a pan irrigation coefficient of 0.77. |
| Key words: greenhouse lettuce; weighing lysimeter; water surface evaporation; yield; water use efficiency |
