| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究与海南地区辣椒生产相适宜的高产高效灌溉施肥模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验，设置了沟灌不施肥CK、沟灌常规用肥F1处理（N 470.70 kg/hm2 + P2O5 511.22 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）、沟灌减肥F2处理（N 376.55 kg/hm2+P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2+K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）、膜下微喷灌减肥F3处理（N 376.55 kg/hm2+P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2+K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）共4个处理，对比分析了不同灌溉与施肥模式的辣椒产量、叶片光合作用、根系生长、养分积累、土壤养分分布特征以及辣椒水肥利用状况。【结果】在土壤氮素和磷素本底值偏高的条件下，与F1处理相比，F2处理的辣椒产量、品质、根系生长、叶片光合作用和植株氮、磷、钾养分积累量均无显著差异。相同施肥量情况下，F3处理辣椒的产量、叶片蒸腾速率、根长、根表面积、根体积、氮积累量、磷积累量和钾累积量分别相比F2处理增加了8.03%、16.91%、60.69%、43.00%、40.37%、19.30%、14.19%、14.61%，但辣椒品质、叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2摩尔分数差异不显著。F2处理降低了收获后0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层中全氮量、铵态氮量、全磷量和有效磷量，减少了氮和磷的表观盈余量，提高了氮肥偏生产力和磷肥偏生产力。与F2处理相比，F3处理提高了0~20 cm土层中全氮量、硝态氮量、铵态氮量、全磷量和有效磷量，减少了氮和磷的表观盈余量，提高了灌溉水生产率。【结论】本试验条件下，采用膜下微喷灌减肥模式能提高辣椒的产量和水肥利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 辣椒；灌溉施肥模式；产量；土壤养分；水肥利用 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021550 |
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| The Effects of Irrigation and Fertigation on Yield, Water-fertilizer Utilization of Pepper in Hainan Province |
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LEI Fei, PAN Xiaozhong, ZHANG Zhijun, et al
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Agricultural Environment and Soil Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Hainan province is a pepper base in China and its traditional production uses furrow fertigation, resulting in not only water and fertilizer waste but also nutrient leaching and contaminating the environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore suitable irrigation and fertilization methods to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising pepper yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted in field plots with four different irrigation - fertilization combinations: furrow irrigation without fertilization (CK), furrow irrigation with fertilization of 470.70 kg/hm2 of N + 511.22 kg/hm2 of P2O5 + 526.39 kg/hm2 of K2O (F1), furrow irrigation with fertilization of 376.55 kg/hm2 of N + 314.83 kg/hm2 of P2O5 + 526.39 kg/hm2 of K2O (F2), mulched micro-spray with fertilization of 376.55 kg/hm2 of N + 314.83 kg/hm2 of P2O5 + 526.39 kg/hm2 of K2O. In each treatment, we measured yield and fruit quality, photosynthesis, root growth, nutrient accumulation and nutrient distribution in soil, as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency. 【Result】When N and P were initially high in the soil, F1 and F2 did not show significant difference in their yield, fruit quality, root growth, photosynthesis and accumulation of N, P and K in the plant. In contrast, F3 increased the yield, transpiration, root length, root surface area, root volume, accumulation of N, P and K by 8.03%, 16.91%, 60.69%, 43.00%, 40.37%, 19.30%, 14.19% and 14.61%, respectively, compared to F2; it also showed significant differences in fruit quality, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration from F2. Compared with F1, F2 reduced the contents of total N, ammonium N, total P and available P in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm of soil after the harvest, reduced the apparent surplus N and P, and improved the partial productivity of N and P fertilizers. Compared with F2, F3 increased the contents of total N, nitrate N, ammonium N, total P and available P in the 0~20 cm of soil, reduced the apparent surplus N and P, and improved the production rate of the irrigation water.【Conclusion】For all treatments we compared, mulched micro-spray irrigation with reduced fertilization (F3) improved yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of the pepper. |
| Key words: pepper; irrigation and fertilization; fruit yield; soil nutrient; water and fertilizer utilization |
