| 引用本文: | 华克骥,何 军,张宇航,等.不同灌溉和施肥方式对稻田土壤氮、磷迁移转化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(7):35-43. |
| HUA Keji,HE Jun,ZHANG Yuhang,et al.不同灌溉和施肥方式对稻田土壤氮、磷迁移转化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(7):35-43. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示不同灌溉和施肥方式对稻田土壤氮、磷迁移转化的影响，寻求水稻适宜的水肥管理模式。【方法】于2019年6—9月在湖北省漳河灌区开展水稻测坑试验。设置4个处理：淹灌常规施肥（W1N1）、淹灌缓释施肥（W1N2）、间歇灌溉常规施肥（W2N1）、间歇灌溉缓释施肥（W2N2），每个处理重复3次，对各处理不同深度土层的渗滤液总氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO3--N）、铵态氮（NH+ 4-N）、总磷（TP）质量浓度进行化验分析。【结果】缓释施肥（N2）条件下0~25 cm土层渗滤液的TN、NO3--N、NH+ 4-N平均质量浓度均高于常规施肥（N1）；淹水灌溉（W1）配施缓释肥显著提高了TN、NH+ 4-N质量浓度（P<0.05），而对NO3--N质量浓度影响不大；各处理0~25 cm土层渗滤液的TP平均质量浓度差异不显著。TN、NO3--N垂向迁移呈明显分层：25~40 cm为过渡淋失层、40~55 cm为快速淋失层、55~125 cm为缓冲淋失层、125~245 cm为稳定淋失层。W1N2处理下，稻田淋失层渗滤液中NO3--N、NH+ 4-N平均质量浓度较高，分别为2.37、0.75 mg/L；N2条件下，NH+ 4-N、NO3--N平均质量浓度均值较N1分别高29.0%~193.8%、3.7%~3.9%；W2模式较W1模式的NO3--N平均质量浓度均值降低了12.5%~12.7%，而TP平均质量浓度均值提高了29.2%~49.2%。【结论】淹灌缓释施肥能够较好地维持稻田吸收层的氮素水平，而对磷素的维持效果不如间歇灌溉缓释施肥。缓释施肥比常规施肥的氮素淋失风险更大，间歇灌溉缓释施肥可以降低氮素淋失风险，但会增加磷素的淋失风险。 |
| 关键词: 稻田；灌溉模式；施肥方式；土壤氮、磷渗滤液；淋失风险 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022032 |
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| Migration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Soil as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization |
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HUA Keji, HE Jun, ZHANG Yuhang, HE Tianzhong, SHAO Qiang, ZHAO Shujun, ZHANG Lei
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1. College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
2. Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; 3. Hubei Zhanghe Hydraulic Project Administration Bureau, Jingmen 448156, China;
4. School of Water Conservation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Fertilizer applications in paddy soils are prone to leaching and improving irrigation and fertilization to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency is critical to sustaining rice production. Taking nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) as an example, this paper investigated how changes in irrigation and fertilization alert N and P migration in soils. 【Method】The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 in the lysimeters at the Zhanghe Irrigation District, Hubei Province. We compared continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and alternating wet and dry irrigation (AWD). For each irrigation there were two fertilizations: conventional fertilization (N1) and fertilization using slow-release fertilizers (N2). In each treatment, we measured the changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at different soil depths.【Result】The concentration of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH+ 4-N) in the top 0~25 cm of soil was higher under N1 than under N2. W1+N2 increased TN and NH+ 4-N concentrations significantly (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. The average concentrations of TN, NO3--N, NH+ 4-N, and total P (TP) in the subsoil below the depth of 25 cm did not show noticeable difference between the treatments. The variation of TN and NO3--N along the soil profile can be characterized as follows: competition zone between root uptake and leaching in the 25~40 cm, fast leaching zone in the 40~55 cm layer, buffer leaching zone in the 55~125 cm, steady leaching zone in the 125~245 cm. W1+N2 increased the average concentrations of NO3--N and NH+ 4-N to 2.37 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L, respectively. Slow-release fertilization increased the average concentration of NH+ 4-N and NO3--N by 29.0%~193.8% and 3.7%~3.9%, respectively, compared to the conventional fertilizer. AWD reduced the average NO3--N concentration by 12.5%~12.7% while increased the TP concentration by 29.2%~49.2%, compared to CF. 【Conclusion】Among all treatments we compared, W1+N2 was optimal by maintaining nitrogen in the 0~25 cm of soil and but less effective than W2+N2 in maintaining phosphorus; it reduced N leaching at the expense of potential increase in phosphorus leaching. |
| Key words: paddy fields; irrigation mode; fertilization methods; soil nitrogen and phosphorus leachate; leaching risk |
