| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究三七土壤钾素、pH值对不同水肥处理的响应以及提高三七产量和品质的最佳水肥制度。【方法】以试验区云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州泸西县大栗树村种植区三七为研究对象，试验设置4个施肥水平，施肥总量均为480 kg/hm2，根据苗期、花期、果期和根增重期的施肥占比不同，分别记为：F1（25%∶25%∶25%∶25%）、F2（25%∶30%∶20%∶25%）、F3（30%∶30%∶15%∶25%）、F4（40%∶20%∶10%∶30%）；设置3个灌水水平W1（200 m3/hm2）、W2（300 m3/hm2）、W3（400 m3/hm2），设置对照试验（CK），其灌水量为92 m3/hm2，施肥总量为480 kg/hm2，各生育期施肥比例为苗期∶花期∶果期∶根增重期=25%∶25%∶25%∶25%。分析13种水肥制度下土壤钾素和pH值变化规律，以及钾素、pH值、三七产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响，运用优劣解距离法（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS）对各处理进行综合品质评价，探究三七最优水肥制度。【结果】①相同灌水水平和施肥比例下，土壤pH值随土层增加而降低，随生育期增加变化小；随生育期增加和施肥的不同无明显变化规律；相同灌溉水平下，三七土壤pH值均小于对应CK。三七所有生育期0~60 cm土层13种处理pH值范围为4.80~8.66，结合三七最适土壤pH值，W3F1、W2F4处理和W2F3处理适宜三七生长。②相同处理土壤全钾量和速效钾量随土层增加而减小；0~60 cm土层全钾量平均值随生育期的增加而增加，速效钾量平均值先减小后增加，全钾量平均值随灌水水平增加而减小，速效钾量平均值先增加后减小，全钾量平均值随施肥比例不同先减小后增加，速效钾量平均值先增加后减小。不同生育期吸钾规律为：果期>花期>根增重期>苗期，W2F3处理为钾素中最优处理，其全钾量和速效钾量为10.40 g/kg和56.69 mg/kg。③三七产量和肥料偏生产力随灌水水平的增加先增加后减小，水分利用效率随灌水水平的增加而减小，产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力随施肥比例的不同而增加；皂苷R1、Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd以及总皂苷量在W2处理下较高，综合得分表明三七品质在W2处理下较好，W2F3处理品质最优。其灌水水平为200 m3/hm2，苗期、花期、果期和根增重期施肥量为144、144、72 kg/hm2和120 kg/hm2。【结论】本研究结合最适土壤pH值范围，钾素及三七产量品质分析，W2F3处理为最优水肥制度，有利于三七生长和根系有效成分积累，为实现三七绿色可持续发展具有重要理论及指导意义。 |
| 关键词: 微喷灌；水肥制度；三七；钾；pH值；皂苷 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023348 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Impact of irrigation and fertilization on soil potassium, pH, as well as yield and quality of Panax Notoginseng |
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DING Mingjing, TUO Yunfei, HE Xiahong, SHI Xiaolan, XIANG Ping, YANG Qiliang, LI Jianqiang
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1. Environmental Science and Engineering Department in Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
2. College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Panax Notoginseng is a medicinal herb and primarily grown in Southern China. This paper investigates the impact of irrigation and fertilization on soil potassium and pH, as well as yield and quality of Panax Notoginseng.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Dalishu Village, Luxi County, located in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It consisted of four fertilizations by applying the 480 kg/hm2 of fertilizers at different ratios in the seedling, flowering, fruiting and root gain stages: 25%∶25%∶25%∶25%(F1), 25%∶30%∶20%∶25%(F2), 30%∶30%∶15%∶25%(F3), and 40%∶20%∶10%∶30%(F4). Each fertilization had three irrigation treatments: 200 m3 /hm2(W1), 300 m3 /hm2(W2) and 400 m3 /hm2(W3). The control (CK) was F1 combined with 92 m3/hm2 of irrigation. In each treatment, we measured the changes in soil potassium content and pH. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to evaluate all treatments.【Result】① When irrigation and fertilization were the same, soil pH decreased with soil depth and tended to stabilize as the crop grew. The soil pH showed little sensitive to fertilization. When irrigation was the same, the average soil pH was lower in the four treatments than in the CK. During the experimental period, pH of the 0-60 cm soil in different treatments varied from 4.80-8.66. W3F1, W2F4 and W2F3 gave the optimal soil pH for the crop to grow. ② Both total and available soil potassium decreased with increasing soil depth. As the crop grew, the total potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased, while the available potassium decreased initially before increasing. With increasing irrigation amount, total soil potassium decreased, while the available potassium increased initially followed by a decline. Fertilization influenced the dynamics of total and available potassium. Irrespective of fertilization and irrigation, potassium uptake by roots in different growing stages was ranked as follows: fruiting period>flowering period>root weight gain period>seedling stage. Of all the treatments, W2F3 was optimal for soil potassium, with total and available potassium being 10.40 g/kg and 56.69 mg/kg, respectively. ③ Regardless of fertilization, with the increase in irrigation amount, the yield and partial factor productivity (PFP) of the crop increased first followed by a decline. The yield, water use efficiency and PFP varied with fertilization. TOPSIS analysis showed that the optimal irrigation was 300 m3/hm2 and the optimal fertilization was applying 144, 144, 72 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2 of fertilizers in the seedling, flowering, fruiting and root weight gain stage, respectively.【Conclusion】Based on soil potassium, pH, as well as yield and quality of Panax Notoginseng, the optimal irrigation and fertilization for Panax Notoginseng production in the studied area were irrigating 300 m3/hm2 and applying 144, 144, 72 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2 of fertilizers in the seedling, flowering, fruiting and root weight gain stage, respectively. |
| Key words: micro-spray irrigation; water and fertilizer system; Panax Notoginseng; potassium; pH value; saponin |
