| 引用本文: | 王慧云,王 珍,冉彦立,等.磷肥类型和滴灌带埋深对滴灌氮磷分布及玉米产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(10):67-75. |
| WANG Huiyun,WANG Zhen,RAN Yanli,et al.磷肥类型和滴灌带埋深对滴灌氮磷分布及玉米产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(10):67-75. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究滴灌施肥条件下磷肥类型及滴灌带埋深对氮磷分布及玉米产量的影响，为滴灌玉米氮磷协同调控提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】在遮雨棚内开展玉米土箱试验，磷肥类型设置不施磷肥（P0）、聚磷酸铵（APP，P1）和磷酸一铵（MAP，P2）3个水平，滴灌带埋深设置0 cm（D1）和15 cm（D2）2个水平，测定土壤氮、磷、作物根系分布和作物产量。【结果】滴灌施入氮肥容易随灌溉水运移至玉米根系边缘产生累积，滴灌施入磷肥呈现出受土壤吸附特征，聚合态磷肥（聚磷酸铵，APP）较正磷酸盐类磷肥（磷酸一铵，MAP）可有效减弱土壤对磷的吸附固定作用，P1处理土壤有效磷量较P2处理高15%；地下滴灌有助于促进施入磷肥向下运移并在土体中均匀分布，D2处理有效磷量较D1处理高17%。施磷处理显著促进玉米根系生长，拔节期P1处理和P2处理玉米根长密度分别较P0处理高35%和19%；地下滴灌较地表滴灌处理提高拔节期玉米根长密度12%。施磷处理通过提升土壤有效磷量和根长密度促进了玉米干物质累积和氮磷吸收，P1处理作物产量较P2处理和P0处理分别提高3%和21%，磷肥类型对干物质累积量、氮磷吸收量影响均达到显著水平；地下滴灌通过促进磷肥向下层土壤均匀分布提升了干物质累积和作物产量。【结论】建议滴灌施磷过程中使用受土壤吸附作用小、磷素有效性较高的APP，并结合地下滴灌措施进一步提升水-氮-磷-根分布的一致性，进而提升水肥利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 玉米；滴灌；滴灌带埋深；根系生长；磷素分布 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024188 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Combined effect of phosphate fertilizer types and dripline depth on distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and maize yield |
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WANG Huiyun, WANG Zhen, RAN Yanli, LI Xiumei
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1. College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Basin Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsurface drip fertigation is an irrigation technique to simultaneously deliver water and dissolved nutrients into the root zone. Its efficacy depends on many factors. In this paper, we investigate the combined effect of phosphate fertilizer types and dripline depth on distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and grain yield of maize.【Method】The experiments were conducted in tanks grown with maize in a rain shelter, using two types of fertilizers: ammonium polyphosphate (APP, P1) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP, P2). The control is no fertilization (CK). The driplines were buried at the depths of 0 cm (D1) and 15 cm (D2). In each treatment, we measured the spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphate, as well as grain yield.【Result】Nitrogen applied in the drip fertigation can move to the edge of the maize roots and accumulate there, while the phosphorus was absorbed by soil. The polymerized phosphate fertilizer (P1) weakened soil adsorption and fixation compared to the normal phosphate fertilizer (P2). Soil available phosphorus content in the APP was 15% higher than that in MAP. Irrigation facilitated phosphorus movement in soil and improved uniformity of its distribution, with the bioavailable phosphorus in D2 being 17% higher than in D1. Phosphorus application significantly promoted root growth, with the root length density at the jointing stage being 35% and 19% higher in P1 and P2 than in CK, respectively. It was also found that D2 increased root length density by 12%, compared to D1. Phosphorus application increased bioavailable phosphorus and root length density. This in turn enhanced dry matter accumulation and root uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus, thereby increasing the final grain yield. P1 increased the grain yield by 3% compared to P2, and 21% compared to CK.【Conclusion】Our results showed that subsurface fertigation using APP reduced soil phosphorus adsorption, which in turn promoted maize growth and increased the final grain yield. |
| Key words: maize; drip irrigation; dripline depth; root growth; phosphorus distribution |
