| 引用本文: | 李绪润,李 兆,张秋英,等.华北平原禹城地区地下水埋深对地下水及土壤水分
和盐分分布的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):108-119. |
| LI Xurun,LI Zhao,ZHANG Qiuying,et al.华北平原禹城地区地下水埋深对地下水及土壤水分
和盐分分布的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(S1):108-119. |
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| 华北平原禹城地区地下水埋深对地下水及土壤水分
和盐分分布的试验研究 |
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李绪润,李 兆,张秋英,李发东,付伟章
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1.山东农业大学 资源与环境学院，山东 泰安 271018；2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101；3.山东禹城农田生态系统国家野外科学
观测研究站/中国科学院禹城综合试验，山东 禹城 251200；4.中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012；
5.中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院，北京 100190
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同浅层地下水埋深下的土壤水盐分布规律及其对作物产量的影响。【方法】在体积蒸渗仪样地中设置4个地下水埋深处理，分别为G0（无地下水埋深）、G1（地下水埋深40 cm）、G2（地下水埋深70 cm）、G3（地下水埋深110 cm）和G4（地下水埋深150 cm），监测夏玉米在自然蒸发条件下的浅层地下水盐分离子量变化和夏玉米收获后土壤水分和盐分的垂直变化。【结果】①地下水埋深越深，表层（0~20 cm）土壤含水率与含盐量越低。与G0处理相比，G1处理和G2处理表层土壤含水率分别显著增加27.54%和26.97%，G3处理增加8.25%，而G4处理仅增加2.18%；G1、G2、G3处理表层土壤含盐量分别增加0.79、0.47、0.43 g/kg，而G4处理则减少了0.01 g/kg。G1、G2、G3处理下的盐分主要积累在表层土壤，G4处理主要积累在40~70 cm土层；②地下水埋深与表层（0~20 cm）土壤含水率与含盐量呈线性关系，地下水埋深每增加0.1 m，表层土壤含水率降低0.53%，含盐量降低0.065 g/kg。③浅层地下水中的主要阳离子为Na+、Mg2+，主要阴离子为SO42-和HCO3-，集中降水使浅层地下水中离子由Na-Cl·SO4向Na-HCO3转化；④在强烈的地表蒸发下，地下水埋深越浅，地下水中离子浓度上升越快。其中HCO3-浓度在各处理中波动较大，总体呈上升趋势；而NO3-由于施肥的影响，地下水埋深越浅，NO3-在浅层地下水中达到峰值的速度越快，且浓度越高。【结论】增加浅层地下水埋深可有效降低表层土壤水盐量，减小浅层地下水受蒸发、降水的影响。浅层地下水埋深为1.2 m最适宜夏玉米生长，产量最优。研究不同浅层地下水埋深对农田土壤水分和盐分的影响有助于掌握农业生态系统中水盐迁移以及地下水与土壤的相互作用机制，对于防止土壤盐渍化、保障作物产量具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 地下水埋深；土壤含水率；土壤含盐量；地下水盐离子；华北平原 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps. 2023468 |
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| Experimental study on the effects of groundwater depth on groundwater and soil moisture and salinity distribution in agricultural fields in Yucheng Area, North China Plain |
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LI Xurun, LI Zhao, ZHANG Qiuying, LI Fadong, FU Weizhang
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1. College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3. Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yucheng 251200, China; 4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 5. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Soil salinization is one of the greatest global challenges that seriously affects agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, the severity of soil salinization is reportedly increasing in China, India, Pakistan, Australia, China, Middle Eastern countries and the US. The depth of shallow groundwater has an important influence on land salinization, and in the past, groundwater in North China Plain was constantly used for irrigation, leading to a continuous decline in the groundwater level. In recent years, both deep and shallow groundwater levels in North China Plain have risen as a result of the ban on excessive use of groundwater in North China Plain and the implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Under the new situation of the rising groundwater level in North China Plain, how the characteristics of water and salt transport in the farmland of North China Plain will change, and its response mechanism to the depth of groundwater burial needs to be further explored. Shallow groundwater affects crop growth and yield by altering the moisture and salinity of the soil profile in agricultural fields, and the process is complicated by its hydro-chemical changes. 【Objective】In order to study the distribution pattern of soil water salinity content and its effect on crop yield at different shallow groundwater burial depths, as well as the changes in groundwater chemistry. 【Method】Relying on the volumetric evapotranspiration meter sample site, four groundwater depth treatments were set up, namely G0 (no groundwater burial depth), G1 (groundwater burial depth of 40 cm), G2 (groundwater burial depth of 70 cm), G3 (groundwater burial depth of 110 cm) and G4 (groundwater burial depth of 200 cm), and G4 (groundwater burial depth of 150 cm), using weekly as the monitoring frequency, to monitor changes in the content of various ions in shallow groundwater and changes in moisture and salinity in the soil of summer maize fields under evapotranspiration conditions.【Result】①The deeper the groundwater burial depth, the lower the water content and salinity of the surface layer (0-20 cm) soil. Compared with G0, the water content of surface soil in G1 and G2 increased significantly by 27.54% and 26.97%, respectively, and G3 increased by 8.25%, while G4 increased by only 2.18%; Surface soil salinity increased by 0.79, 0.47, and 0.43 g/kg in G1, G2, and G3 treatments, respectively, while it decreased by 0.01 g/kg in G4 treatment. Among them, salts in G1, G2 and G3 treatments mainly accumulated in the soil surface layer, while G4 treatment mainly accumulated in the 40~70 cm soil layer;② There was a linear relationship between groundwater depth and surface (0-20 cm) soil water content and salinity, with surface soil water content decreasing by 0.53% and salinity decreasing by 0.065 g/kg for every 0.1 m increase in groundwater depth. ③The main cations in shallow groundwater are Na+ and Mg2+, and the main anions are SO42- and HCO3-. Concentrated rainfall can change the ion type in shallow groundwater from Na-Cl-SO4 to Na-HCO3; ④ Under strong surface evaporation, the ion concentration in water rised faster the shallower the depth of groundwater table. Among them, HCO3- concentration fluctuated greatly in each treatment, with a general upward trend; while NO3-, due to the effect of fertilizer application, the shallower the depth of groundwater burial the faster NO3- peaked in the shallow groundwater and the higher the concentration. 【Conclusion】In this study, increasing the depth of shallow groundwater to 1.5 m can effectively reduce the water-salt content of the surface soil, reduce the influence of shallow groundwater by evaporation, precipitation, and other climatic conditions. A shallow groundwater depth of 1.2 m was optimal for summer maize growth and yield. The study of the effects of different shallow groundwater burial depths on soil moisture and salinity in agricultural soils helps to understand the migration of water and salt in agro-ecosystems and the mechanism of groundwater-soil interaction, which is of great importance for preventing soil salinization and safeguarding crop yields. |
| Key words: groundwater burial depth; soil water content, soil salinity; groundwater salt ions; North China Plain |
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