| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示排土场土体裂缝优先流分布特征，评价优先流活跃度。【方法】以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特市大唐国际胜利东二号露天煤矿排土场为研究对象，通过现场调查、野外染色示踪试验、数字图像处理方法，研究露天煤矿排土场土体裂缝优先流形态特征、迁移规律及其活跃度。【结果】排土场土体裂缝优先流形态呈“T”形分布，主要集中在土体裂缝两侧。表层土壤染色面积分布均匀且连续，表现为基质流；随着土层深度增大，染色面积和宽度减小，优先流作用增强。GFⅡ优先流的发生速度最快，最大染色深度最大，在相同降水条件下最易发生优先流。土体裂缝优先流染色面积比减小，呈“S”形分布，3个土体裂缝染色面积比依次为27.23%、31.97%、30.73%。土体裂缝优先流染色面积比呈不同程度变异，最大值依次为77.09%、79.85%、126.17%；不同土层染色面积比的变异程度不同。【结论】土体裂缝宽度越小，染色面积比的变异系数越大，染色形态变化程度越活跃，土体裂缝优先流现象越明显。土体裂缝优先流具有较强的三维空间变异性。 |
| 关键词: 排土场；优先流；土体裂缝；迁移 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024292 |
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| Preferential flow through fissures in coal mine spoil heaps |
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LI Yexin, LYU Gang, WANG Daohan
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1. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China;
2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Preferential flow through fissures at the front edge of coal mine dumps not only influences hydrological processes but also increases the risk of collapse and landslides. Understanding the factors that affect preferential flow can improve soil heap management and facilitate vegetation restoration. This paper experimentally investigates these factors.【Method】The experiment was conducted at the Shenglidong Open-Pit Coal Mine, Inner Mongolia. Field investigations, dye tracing, and digital imaging were employed to examine the distribution, migration, and dynamics of preferential flow.【Result】Preferential flow primarily occurred on both sides of the fissures, forming a ‘T’-shaped distribution near the fissures. At the soil surface, the dyed-stained area was uniform and continuous, indicating the dominance of matrix flow. As soil depth increased, both the dye-stained area and width decreased, which facilitated preferential flow. Among all fissures examined, second-category ground fissures exhibited the fastest preferential flow, characterized by the deepest dye staining and the most pronounced preferential flow under the same rainfall conditions. The dye-stained area ratios for the first, second, and third-category ground fissures were 27.23%, 31.97%, and 30.73%, respectively. This ratio decreased with soil depth, following an ‘S’ -shaped distribution. Additionally, the dye-stained area ratio varied between fissures, with ratios of 77.09%, 79.85%, and 126.17% for the first, second, and third-category fissures, respectively.【Conclusion】The dye-stained area ratio in ground fissures with smaller widths showed high variation and a dynamic pattern, enhancing preferential flow. The spatial variation of preferential flow in ground fissures was evident. These findings can help the development of strategies to improve the management and vegetation restoration of soil heaps in coal mining areas. |
| Key words: dump; preferential flow; soil fissure; migration |
