| 引用本文: | 刘铠源,刘战东,宋永锋,等.不同滴灌施肥制度对苹果生长及果实品质的
影响与综合评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(5):20-29. |
| LIU Kaiyuan,LIU Zhandong,SONG Yongfeng,et al.不同滴灌施肥制度对苹果生长及果实品质的
影响与综合评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(5):20-29. |
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| 不同滴灌施肥制度对苹果生长及果实品质的
影响与综合评价 |
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刘铠源，刘战东，宋永锋，沈 江，王安民
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1.平凉市水土保持科学研究所，甘肃 平凉 744000；2.中国农业科学院 农田灌溉研究所，
河南 新乡 453002；3.平凉市气象局，甘肃 平凉 744000
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明膜下滴灌技术的施肥周期、滴头间距和毛管布置方式对苹果生长、果实产量品质的影响，并确定静宁县苹果膜下滴灌技术优选参数组合。【方法】2023年在甘肃静宁县以6 a生盛果期短枝富士为试材，采用施肥周期（T）、滴头间距（D）、毛管布置方式（P）3个试验因素，施肥周期设置15 d（T15）、30 d（T30）2个水平，滴头间距设置30 cm（D30）、50 cm（D50）2个水平，毛管布置方式设置1行1管（P1）、1行2管（P2），共8个处理的三因素两水平完全区组田间试验，分析3个因素对株高增长、茎粗、春梢、LAI、产量、单果质量、纵径、横径、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、糖酸比、硬度、Vc等苹果生长、产量品质指标的影响，并采用隶属函数分析法进行综合评价排序。【结果】膜下滴灌技术参数T、D、P对苹果下部LAI、单果质量、可溶性糖、糖酸比、Vc影响显著，与T30处理相比，T15处理下部LAI（0.71）显著提高，单果质量（17.25 g）、可溶性糖（1.76 g/kg）、糖酸比（0.44）、Vc（0.44 mg/100 g）显著降低；与D50处理相比，D30处理下部LAI（0.63）、可溶性糖（1.76 g/kg）显著提高，单果质量（30.51 g）、糖酸比（2.16）、Vc（1.22 mg/100 g）显著降低；与P2处理相比，P1处理下部LAI（0.38）、单果质量（16.11 g）、可溶性糖（4.26 g/kg）、糖酸比（0.78）显著提高，Vc（1.82 mg/100 g）降低；T与D的交互作用对下部LAI、可溶性糖、糖酸比影响显著；三者的交互作用对单果质量、可溶性糖、糖酸比影响显著。T15D50P2处理在茎粗、最大叶面积、产量、单果质量、横径、Vc量等指标与其他处理差异显著，平均提高2.03 mm、2.97 cm2、7 224.27 kg/hm2、36.91 g、5.77 mm、2.79 mg/100 g。【结论】采用隶属函数分析法对苹果生长、果实产量品质进行综合评价排序，筛选出综合最优膜下滴灌施肥技术参数组合为施肥周期15 d、滴头间隔50 cm、1行2管的处理。 |
| 关键词: 施肥周期；滴头间隔；毛管布置方式；产量品质；隶属函数分析；苹果 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024249 |
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| Effects of drip fertigation parameters on apple growth and fruit quality |
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LIU Kaiyuan, LIU Zhandong, SONG Yongfeng, SHEN Jiang, WANG Anming
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1. Pingliang Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Science, Pingliang 744000, China;
2. Institute of Filed Irrifation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;
3. Pingliang Municipal Meteorological Bureau, Pingliang 744000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Drip fertigation has been increasingly utilized in orchard farming in northwest China. This study is to investigate the combined effects of water and fertilizer application, as well as fertigation parameters, on apple growth and fruit quality.【Method】A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in a Fuji apple orchard located in Jingning, Gansu Province. The study used a three-factor, two-level complete block design. The experiment included two fertilization frequencies: 15 days (T15) and 30 days (T30), two inter-row dripper spacings: 30 cm (D30) and 50 cm (D50), and two drip pipeline arrangements: one pipe per row (P1) and two pipes per row (P2). In each treatment, plant height, stem diameter, spring shoot length, leaf area index (LAI), fruit yield, fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse fruit diameters, titratable acidity, soluble sugar content, sugar-acid ratio, fruit firmness, and vitamin C (Vc) content were measured. Subordinate function analysis was used to evaluate and rank the treatments.【Result】The fertigation design parameters significantly impacted physiological and fruit quality traits. Compared to T30, T15 significantly increased LAI by 0.71, but decreased single fruit weight by 17.25 g, soluble sugar by 1.76 g/kg, sugar-acid ratio by 0.44, and Vc by 0.44 mg/100 g. Compared to D50, D30 significantly increased LAI by 0.63 and soluble sugar by 1.76 g/kg, but reduced fruit weight by 30.51 g, sugar-acid ratio by 2.16, and Vc by 1.22 mg/100 g. Compared to P2, P1 increased LAI by 0.38, fruit weight by 16.11 g, soluble sugar by 4.26 g/kg, and sugar-acid ratio by 0.78, but decreased Vc by 1.82 mg/100 g. The interaction between fertilization frequency and dripper spacing significantly affected LAI, soluble sugar content, and sugar-acid ratio. The three-way interaction among fertilization frequency, dripper spacing, and pipe arrangement significantly influenced fruit weight, soluble sugar, and sugar-acid ratio. The combination of T15, D50, and P2 was optimal, resulting in improvements in stem diameter (2.03 mm), leaf area (2.97 cm2), fruit yield (7 224.27 kg/hm2), fruit weight (36.91 g), transverse fruit diameter (5.77 mm), and Vc content (2.79 mg/100 g) compared to other treatments.【Conclusion】Comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method showed that the optimal combination of drip fertigation parameters for improving apple growth, fruit yield, and quality in the studied region was: fertilization frequency of 15 days, dripper spacing of 50 cm, and two drip pipes per row. |
| Key words: fertilization cycle; dripper spacing; lateral arrangement; yield quality; membership function analysis; apple |
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