| 摘要: |
| 【目的】检验采用节水技术对农户灌溉用水效率的影响，促进节水技术采用。【方法】基于河北、山东和河南983份农户调研数据，使用基于随机前沿方法的单一投入技术效率测度模型，估计小麦生产的灌溉用水效率，并实证检验采用节水技术对农户灌溉用水效率的影响。【结果】样本地区农户的灌溉用水效率远低于小麦生产技术效率，平均灌溉用水效率为78.23%且两极分化特点突出；采用节水技术对农户灌溉用水效率的提高具有十分显著的促进作用；采用节水技术对农户灌溉用水效率的促进作用表现出“马太效应”，对于具有比较优势的高灌溉效率农户采用节水技术后灌溉用水效率提升高于低灌溉效率的农户。【结论】样本地区农户灌溉用水效率仍有提升空间，可通过健全节水技术推广体系、合理制定农业用水价格和减少采用节水技术障碍等促进采用节水技术和提升灌溉用水效率。 |
| 关键词: 节水技术；灌溉用水效率；生产技术效率；农户；马太效应 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024146 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Impact of adoption of water-saving technologies on irrigation water use efficiency at the farm household level |
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ZHANG Yi, LYU Mingyang, HAN Yijun
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1. Agricultural Information Institute, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Research Department of China National Democratic Constuction Association, Beijing 110000, China;
3. Collage of Economics and Management, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Improving irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) is essential for sustainable agricultural development, especially in water-scarce regions. This paper examines how the application of water-saving technologies influences the IWUE of wheat production at the farm household level.【Method】Based on survey data collected from 512 farm households across key agricultural areas in Henan, Shandong, and Hebei provinces, we evaluated the impact of various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, canal lining, and field leveling, on IWUE. An econometric model was used to characterize household attributes such as land size, crop types, and access to services. Propensity score matching and an instrumental variable approach were employed to address potential selection bias and endogeneity.【Result】The average IWUE among the sampled farmers was 78.23%, which is significantly lower than the overall technical efficiency in wheat production. This suggests that, under current conditions, farmers could save an average of 21.71% of irrigation water by enhancing their IWUE. Compared to overall wheat production efficiency, IWUE exhibited greater variation among farmers. The adoption of water-saving technologies had a significant positive effect on IWUE, with its contribution ranking third after regional differences (as captured by the provincial dummy variable) and water pricing. Our results also revealed a ‘Matthew effect’: farmers with already high IWUE benefited more from technology adoption, achieving notable improvements, whereas those with low baseline IWUE experienced relatively smaller gains. Furthermore, higher agricultural water prices were associated with more efficient water use, indicating that economic incentives play a crucial role. Regional differences in infrastructure, training, and support also moderated the impact of technology adoption.【Conclusion】 Improving IWUE requires a multi-pronged approach. Local and provincial governments should invest in water-saving infrastructure and provide targeted training and support for households with low IWUE. Additionally, rationalizing agricultural water pricing and establishing a well-designed water rights system alongside market-based mechanisms can incentivize water conservation. These strategies, collectively, are key to enhancing the adoption of water-saving technologies and improving irrigation water use efficiency in wheat production. |
| Key words: water-saving technologies; irrigation water use efficiency; production technology efficiency; farmers; matthew effect |
