| 引用本文: | 王忠静,陈 江,刘晋龙,等.精准灌溉的节水内涵及其节水率计算方法[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):1-10. |
| WANG Zhongjing,CHEN Jiang,LIU Jinlong,et al.精准灌溉的节水内涵及其节水率计算方法[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):1-10. |
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| 摘要: |
| 针对农业精准灌溉的节水本质，通过系统梳理精准灌溉与节水的内在联系，厘清精准灌溉的节水内涵；从国家标准节水率定义出发，提出了以灌溉精准度表达的节水率计算公式。在田间灌水环节，畦灌、沟灌、喷灌、滴灌等的节水率与灌水均匀度相当。在研究案例中，畦灌、沟灌均匀度每提升1%，节水0.92%；喷灌均匀度每提升1%，节水0.86%；滴灌均匀度每提升1%，节水0.96%。在渠系配水环节，每提升配水精准度1%，可节水0.90%；实际应用的全渠道智能控制系统通过对水位流量的实时联调和智能控制，较传统控制方式节水8.52%。精准灌溉的灌水均匀度和配水精准度，既代表该项节水灌溉技术/器具的技术水平，更直接反映其节水程度，用于评价节水效能，具有直接性、统一性、显著性和稳定性的特点，有利于改进节水灌溉技术本身，促进节水事业发展。 |
| 关键词: 精准灌溉；配水精准度；灌溉节水率；全渠道控制 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025080 |
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| The concept of water saving in precision irrigation and its calculation method |
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WANG Zhongjing, CHEN Jiang, LIU Jinlong, ZHANG Siqi, ZHU Xianpo
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1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100082, China
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| Abstract: |
| This paper explores the principles of water saving in precision irrigation by systematically examining the relationship between irrigation accuracy and water conservation. It clarifies the concept of water saving within the context of precision irrigation and proposes a method for calculating the water-saving rate based on irrigation accuracy aligned with national standards. The analysis reveals that, in field irrigation systems, the water-saving rate of methods such as border irrigation, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation is directly correlated with irrigation uniformity. Specifically, for every 1% increase in irrigation uniformity, water savings are 0.92% for border and furrow irrigation, 0.86% for sprinkler irrigation, and 0.96% for drip irrigation. In channel water delivery systems, a 1% improvement in water distribution accuracy results in a 0.90% increase in water savings. Furthermore, implementing intelligent channel control systems - which manage water levels and flow in real time - can achieve an additional 8.52% reduction in water use compared to traditional control methods. Both irrigation uniformity and water distribution accuracy enhance the efficiency of irrigation systems and significantly improve water conservation. These findings underscore a consistent and measurable link between advances in irrigation technology and improved water-saving performance. The proposed method provides a valuable reference for optimizing precision irrigation technologies and enhancing sustainable water management practices. |
| Key words: precision irrigation; water distribution accuracy; water saving rate of irrigation; total channel control |
