| 引用本文: | 殷 文,柴 强,赵连豪,等.西北旱区覆盖措施对土壤水分调控及
生态改良效应研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):11-21. |
| YIN Wen,CHAI Qiang,ZHAO Lianhao,et al.西北旱区覆盖措施对土壤水分调控及
生态改良效应研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):11-21. |
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| 摘要: |
| 中国西北干旱半干旱地区长期面临土壤保墒困难、土地退化和生态可持续性等严峻挑战。覆膜技术作为一种有效的水土保持措施，在该区得到了广泛应用。本文系统综述了覆盖措施对西北旱区土壤水分调控与生态功能影响。基于对近年来国内外相关文献的系统分析，将覆盖技术主要归纳为秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、砂石覆盖及可降解替代材料，深入解析了各类技术对土壤水分动态、温度调节、盐分控制及土壤肥力的影响及其机制，并综合评估了其在提高作物生产力和增强生态系统韧性方面的作用效果。覆盖措施能显著提升土壤持水能力、抑制水分蒸发并促进作物稳定生长。从生态可持续性角度来看，秸秆覆盖与可降解材料展现出明显优势，而传统地膜覆盖虽然在保水效率方面表现突出，但长期使用易导致土壤劣化与环境污染问题。砂石覆盖作为西北地区传统技术，在减少地表径流和维持土壤结构方面具有独特优势，但其推广受到材料获取难度和劳动强度大的限制。总体而言，覆盖技术对提升西北旱区水分利用效率与改善生态环境具有重要作用，但在实际应用中需根据当地条件选择适宜的技术类型。未来研究应重点开发环境友好型覆盖材料，并通过长期田间定位观测来全面评估其生态效应。 |
| 关键词: 西北旱区；覆盖措施；水分调控；生态效益；研究进展；未来展望 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025119 |
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| Effects of mulching on soil water regulation and ecological improvement in arid regions in Northwest China: A review |
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YIN Wen, CHAI Qiang, ZHAO Lianhao, FAN Zhilong, HU Falong, ZHAO Cai, YU Aizhong
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1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Gan su Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| Arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China face critical challenges related to soil moisture retention, land degradation, and ecological sustainability. Mulching has been widely applied as an effective soil and water conservation practice. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of different mulching techniques on soil water regulation and ecological functions in these water-scarce regions. Based on a synthesis of domestic and international literature in the past two decades, this review categorizes mulching types-including straw mulch, plastic film mulch, gravel mulch, and biodegradable alternatives-and analyzes their impacts on soil moisture dynamics, temperature regulation, salinity control, and soil fertility. Additionally, it analyzes their role in improving crop productivity and enhancing ecosystem resilience. Mulching significantly improves soil water-holding capacity, reduces evaporation, and promotes stable crop growth. Straw and biodegradable mulches are more ecologically sustainable than plastic film mulches, which, despite their high water retention efficiency, can cause long-term soil degradation and environmental pollution. Gravel mulching, a traditional technique in Northwest China, shows strong performance in reducing surface runoff and preserving soil structure but may be limited by material availability and labor intensity. Mulching plays a key role in improving water-use efficiency and ecological conditions in arid areas of Northwest China. Selection of mulching type should be adapted to local environmental and socio-economic conditions. Future research should focus on the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly mulching materials, as well as long-term field monitoring to assess ecological impacts. |
| Key words: arid regions in Northwest; mulching measures; moisture regulation; ecological benefits; research progress; future prospects |
