| 引用本文: | 吴怡萱,李为萍,刘欣宇,等.春灌水量对盐渍农田土壤盐分及
向日葵产量、品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):31-39. |
| WU Yixuan,LI Weiping,LIU Xinyu,et al.春灌水量对盐渍农田土壤盐分及
向日葵产量、品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):31-39. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨春灌水量对土默川平原灌区盐渍化农田土壤盐分离子淋洗效果和向日葵生长的影响。【方法】以当地春灌水量150 mm为对照（CK），设置春灌水量60 mm（T1）、90 mm（T2）、120 mm（T3）共3个处理，研究春灌水量对土壤盐分及向日葵产量与品质的影响。【结果】①春灌后，各处理除CO32-和HCO3-离子量呈上升趋势外，其余离子量均呈下降趋势，土壤盐分离子淋洗效果均表现为Cl-＞SO42-＞Na++K+＞Ca2+＞Mg2+。T2处理较T1、T3处理、CK分别高8.73%、5.06%、10.08%，其对盐分离子淋洗效果最佳。②春灌后0~60 cm土层土壤盐分组成类型由氯化物-硫酸盐型转变为硫酸盐-氯化物型。相关分析表明，限制土默川平原灌区土地生产力的盐分离子主要由Na++K+、Cl-、HCO3-和SO42-构成。③T2处理向日葵出苗率最高，较T1、T3处理、CK向日葵出苗率高6.13%、1.12%、3.86%，但与T3处理差异不显著，T1、T3处理向日葵籽粒产量分别为5 022.49、4 902.55 kg/hm2；T3处理必需氨基酸总量最高。【结论】在土默川平原灌区盐渍农田向日葵种植中，春灌水量为90~120 mm并结合生育期内膜下滴灌（生育期内灌溉定额165 mm），可实现节水控盐、增产提质。 |
| 关键词: 春灌水量；向日葵；盐分离子淋洗；向日葵产量品质；综合评价 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024231 |
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| Effects of spring irrigation amount on soil salinity, yield and quality of sunflower on salinized farmland |
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WU Yixuan, LI Weiping, LIU Xinyu, ZHANG Jiapeng, CAO Lixia
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Guyang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Baotou 014200, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Farmland salinization in irrigation districts adversely affects soil quality and crop productivity. Improving irrigation management is essential for mitigating soil salinity and ensuring sustainable crop production. This paper presents an experimental study on the effects of different spring irrigation amounts on salt ion leaching and crop performance in salinized farmland.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in a sunflower field in the Tumechuan Plain irrigation district. It consisted of four spring irrigation treatments: 60 mm (T1), 90 mm (T2), and 120 mm (T3), with a control treatment of 150 mm (CK), representing the typical local irrigation amount. Soil salinity, yield and seed quality of sunflower were measured in treatments.【Result】① Following spring irrigation, the concentrations of CO32- and HCO?- increased across all treatments, while other ion concentrations decreased. The order of salt ion leaching after irrigation was Cl-＞SO42-＞Na?+K?＞Ca2+＞Mg2+. T2 was most effective in promoting salt leaching, increasing leaching by 8.73%, 5.06%, and 10.08% compared to T1, T3 and CK, respectively. ② Irrigation changed the soil salt composition in the 0-60 cm soil layer from a chloride-sulfate type to a sulfate-chloride type. Correlation analysis identified Na?+K?, Cl-, HCO3- and SO42- as the main ions limiting soil productivity. ③ T2 resulted in the highest seed germination rate, improving germination rate by 6.13%, 1.12% and 3.86% relative to T1, T3 and CK, respectively, though the difference between T2 and T3 was not statistically significant. Seed yields for T1 and T3 were 5 022.49 kg/hm2 and 4 902.55 kg/hm2, respectively. T3 produced the highest total essential amino acid content in the sunflower seeds.【Conclusion】For salinized soils in the Tumechuan Plain irrigation district, a spring irrigation amount of 90-120 mm, combined with 165 mm of drip irrigation during the growing season, can effectively reduce soil salinity and enhance both the yield and quality of sunflower seeds. |
| Key words: spring irrigation water quantity; sunflower; salinity ion leaching effect; sunflower yield quality; comprehensive evaluation |
