明灌暗排区土壤盐分动态规律及
适宜控盐地下水埋深研究

张智翔; 刘松涛; 李 茜; 何 俊; 李海超; 张 微; 张配配; 马小龙; 张合飞

引用本文:	张智翔,刘松涛,李茜,等.明灌暗排区土壤盐分动态规律及适宜控盐地下水埋深研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):52-60.
	ZHANG Zhixiang,LIU Songtao,LI Qian,et al.明灌暗排区土壤盐分动态规律及适宜控盐地下水埋深研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):52-60.

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明灌暗排区土壤盐分动态规律及适宜控盐地下水埋深研究
张智翔，刘松涛，李茜，何俊，李海超，张微，张配配，马小龙，张合飞
1.宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院，银川 750021；2.宁夏职业技术学院，银川 750021； 3.教育部中阿旱区特色资源与环境治理国际合作联合实验室，银川 750021；4.宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区管理局，银川 750400；5.宁夏大学林业与草业学院，银川 750021； 6.宁夏旱区资源评价与环境调控重点实验室，银川 750021

摘要:

【目的】土壤盐碱化问题持续影响宁夏银北地区的农业和水资源管理，为探明银北惠农明灌暗排区的土壤盐分年内动态规律和地下水变化规律，并探索土壤盐分和地下水二者间的相互关系。【方法】本研究选取银北惠农明灌暗排区作为研究区，采用野外调查与统计分析相结合的方法，基于相关性分析和反距离加权插值法（Inverse Distance Weight），探析惠农引黄灌区土壤盐分和地下水时空动态及二者相互关系。【结果】4月土壤盐分高值区分布较多，占研究区面积的23.57%。而在7、10月，土壤盐分大于2 g/kg的区域明显减小（7、10月土壤盐分大于2 g/kg的盐碱地面积较4月分别减少52.99%和26.3%）；土壤盐分随地下水埋深增大逐渐减小，拟合曲线R2＞0.82，拟合程度较好。【结论】研究区土壤盐分春季最高，夏季最低，土壤盐分的空间变异性和季节差异较大，主要影响因素是地形因素和灌溉因素。40~100 cm土层的土壤盐分较0~40 cm土层的土壤盐分受地下水埋深影响更大，且当地下水埋深介于1.8~2.2 m时，可以有效平衡作物生长和减轻次生盐渍化风险。

关键词: 惠农灌区；土壤水盐运移；地下水动态；反距离权重法（IDW）

DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024382

分类号:

基金项目:

Soil salinity dynamics and optimal groundwater depth for salt control in farmland under surface irrigation and subsurface drainage

ZHANG Zhixiang, LIU Songtao, LI Qian, HE Jun, LI Haichao, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Peipei, MA Xiaolong, ZHANG Hefei

1. School of Geography Science and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Ningxia Polytechnic, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. China-Arab joint International Research Laboratory for Featured Resources and Environmental Governance in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750021, China; 4. Ningxia Lingwu Bletton Beach National Nature Reserve Administration, Yinchuan 750400, China; 5.College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 6. Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resources Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750021, China

Abstract:

【Background】Soil salinization is a widespread abiotic stress that significantly impacts agricultural productivity and water resource management in the Yinbei region of Ningxia Province. This study explores the inter-annual dynamics of soil salinity and groundwater depth in areas within this region that use surface irrigation and subsurface drainage.【Method】Field investigations were conducted in Huinong, a representative area in northern Yinbei characterized by surface irrigation and subsurface drainage systems. Spatiotemporal variation of soil salinity and groundwater depth were analyzed using measured data with the help of correlation analysis and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method.【Result】Temporally, areas with high soil salinity were accounting ting for 23.57% of the study region in April. In contrast, areas with soil salinity greater than 2 g/kg decreased by 52.99% in July and 26.3% in October, compared to April. Soil salinity decreased gradually with increasing groundwater depth, and the relationship between them was well fitted by a proposed model (R2＞ 0.82).【Conclusion】Soil salinity in the region peaks in spring and declines by summer, showing spatial variability influenced primarily by topography and irrigation practices. Salinity in the 40-100 cm soil layer was more responsive to groundwater depth than in the 0-40 cm layer. Maintaining a groundwater depth between 1.8 and 2.2 m can facilitate crop growth and reduce salinization risk.

Key words: Huinong irrigation area; soil water-salt transport; groundwater dynamics; Inverse Distance Weight method (IDW)