| 引用本文: | 兴 安,邢海峰,赵巴音那木拉,等.不同改良措施对西辽河流域盐碱土
土壤性质及作物产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):80-88. |
| XING An,XING Haifeng,ZHAO Bayinnamula,et al.不同改良措施对西辽河流域盐碱土
土壤性质及作物产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(6):80-88. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】合理减少化学肥料施用量、增施有机肥料以及以有机肥替代部分化肥，达成化肥减量增效的目标。【方法】以内蒙古西辽河流域的盐碱土为研究对象，设置对照（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、氮肥减量30%的优化施肥1（OF1）、氮肥减量30%+有机肥替代50%氮肥的优化施肥2（OF2）、氮肥减量30%+有机肥替代50%氮肥+脱硫石膏的优化施肥3（OF3）5个处理，对西辽河流域盐碱土0~60 cm 土层的养分状况、盐碱特征及作物产量进行了深入研究。【结果】OF3处理对耕层（0~20 cm）土壤pH值、碱化度降低效果显著，与CK和CF处理相比，OF3处理土壤pH值降低0.64和0.63，碱化度降低31.26%和32.36%；OF2处理对耕层土壤含盐量降低效果显著，较CK和CF处理分别降低6.98%和9.09%，耕层盐碱土的脱盐率平均达17%以上。OF2处理和OF3处理对提升耕层有机质量、以及全氮、速效磷、速效钾量均有积极贡献，各指标分别较CK提高13.71%、18.55%、23.67%、19.76%和14.68%、16.49%、34.61%、37.65%。OF2处理和OF3处理显著增加向日葵产量，分别较CK提高68.21%和84.85%。主成分分析表明，不同改良措施处理对改良盐碱土盐碱特征、养分状况及作物产量的综合得分排序为OF3处理＞OF2处理＞CF处理＞OF1处理＞CK。【结论】在氮肥减量的基础上，采用有机肥替代部分化肥并配施脱硫石膏以及有机肥替代部分化肥的施肥模式能够显著提升土壤肥力，消减盐碱障碍，增加作物产量。 |
| 关键词: 优化施肥；减量增效；有机肥；盐碱土；养分状况；盐碱特征 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025006 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of different fertilizations on soil properties and crop yields on saline-alkali soils in the Western Liaohe Plain |
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XING An, XING Haifeng, ZHAO Bayinnamula, JING Yupeng, HU Buqin
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1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Hohhot 010018, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education, Hohhot 010018, China; 4. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
5. Hulunbuir University, Hailar 021008, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Saline-alkali soils pose significant challenges to agriculture in the Western Liaohe Plain of Inner Mongolia. This paper experimentally evaluates the effects of different fertilizations on soil quality and crop yield in theses saline-alkali soils.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in a sunflower field on a saline-alkali soil, and it consisted of five fertilization treatments: no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 30% (OF1), reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 30% coupled with replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF2), combined OF2 with addition of desulfurized gypsum (OF3). During the experiment, we measured crop yield, soil nutrients, and salinity-alkalinity in the 0-60 cm of soil profile.【Result】Treatment OF3 significantly reduced soil pH and alkalinity in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer, decreasing pH by 0.64 and 0.63 units compared to CK and CF, respectively, and reducing alkalinity by 31.26% and 32.36%. Treatment OF2 decreased salt content in the topsoil by 6.98% and 9.09% relative to CK and CF. The average desalination rate in the topsoil exceeded 17%. Compared to CK, OF2 increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 13.71%, 18.55%, 23.67%, and 19.76%, respectively; OF3 further increased these parameters by 14.68%, 16.49%, 34.61%, and 37.65%. Grain yield was improved by 68.21% and 84.85% in OF2 and OF3 treatments, respectively, relative to CK. Principal component analysis ranked the treatment effects on soil properties, nutrients, and crop yield as OF3＞OF2＞CF＞OF1＞CK.【Conclusion】Reducing nitrogen fertilization and substituting part of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, combined with desulfurized gypsum addition, effectively improved soil fertility, mitigated salinization and alkalization, and enhanced crop yields in the saline-alkali soils on the Western Liaohe Plain. |
| Key words: optimized fertilization; reducing quantity and increasing efficiency; organic fertilizer; saline-alkali soil; nutrient status; saline-alkali characteristics |
