| 引用本文: | 李浩瑜,李 涛,狄雅荷.摇臂式喷头喷嘴导流片对水力性能的
影响及其优化评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(7):34-45. |
| LI Haoyu,LI Tao,DI Yahe.摇臂式喷头喷嘴导流片对水力性能的
影响及其优化评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(7):34-45. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提高摇臂式喷头在喷灌工作过程中的均匀度，增加灌溉水利用效率和灌溉质量。【方法】通过SolidWorks三维软件建立三维喷头喷嘴模型，并设计出了20PY2H型喷头的导流片喷嘴。利用3D打印技术，打印导流片喷嘴，实现了快速制造和方便修改的目的。采用正交试验法设计，进行了实地试验。试验选取导流片的数量、导流片的宽度作为试验因素，测量射程、流量、点喷灌强度、喷灌均匀度等水力性能参数和喷灌技术指标。通过多指标评价法得到了最优的导流片结构参数。【结果】随着导流片数量的增加，平均射程减少，但N1W3.5、N2W2.5型喷嘴与原喷嘴的射程接近。随着导流片宽度的增加，水体通过喷嘴时的能量损失也会相应增大。这是因为更宽的导流片会导致流体在通过喷嘴时受到更大的阻力和摩擦，从而损失更多的能量。单喷头的平均喷灌强度范围在2.87~4.53 mm/h。当导流片数量一定时，平均喷灌强度随着导流片宽度的减小而先增大后减小，这是由于导流片宽度对水流控制和分散作用的影响。导流片喷嘴的径向水量呈“近单峰”型分布、“远单峰”型分布、“平缓”型分布。基于Surfer15.0软件模拟计算出组合喷灌均匀度，并利用克里金插值法绘制等值线图。【结论】与CK原喷嘴相比，N3W2.5型喷嘴的水量变化更为平缓，喷头的组合均匀度比较好，喷洒强度范围在12~17 mm/h。通过多指标导流片参数评价法分析，在工作压力相同情况下，导流片最优结构参数为：3个导流片，导流片宽度2.5 mm，其射程为17.50 m，喷灌强度为4.42 mm/h，喷灌均匀度为91.20%。通过优化设计导流片喷嘴以及进行正交试验和多指标评价法分析，成功提高了摇臂式喷头在喷灌工作过程中的均匀度，增加了灌溉水利用效率和灌溉质量。为今后进一步优化摇臂式喷头喷嘴设计提供了有益的参考。 |
| 关键词: 水力性能；摇臂式喷头；喷嘴；结构设计；喷灌强度；多指标评价法 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024178 |
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| Effect of the deflector plate on hydraulic performance and optimization of impact sprinkler nozzle |
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LI Haoyu, LI Tao, DI Yahe
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Xi’an University of Technology, the State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an 710048, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Irrigation uniformity is a critical parameter in irrigation design. This study investigates the effect of deflector plate on optimization and hydraulic performance of impact sprinkler nozzles.【Method】A 3D model of an impact sprinkler nozzle was developed using SolidWorks, and a guide vane nozzle was designed for the 20PY2H sprinkler. The nozzle was fabricated using 3D printing to enable rapid prototyping and easy modification. Field experiments were conducted using an orthogonal experimental design. Two structural parameters, the number of guide vanes and the vane width, were selected as the influencing factors. Hydraulic performance indicators such as throw range, flow rate, point irrigation intensity, and irrigation uniformity were measured during the experiment. A multi-index evaluation method was used to determine the optimal structural configuration.【Result】Increasing the number of guide vanes reduced the average throw range, although the performance of N1W3.5 and N2W2.5 configurations were comparable to the original nozzle. Increasing vane width increased hydraulic resistance and energy loss. The average sprinkler intensity of single nozzle ranged from 2.87 mm/h to 4.53 mm/h. When the number of vane are the same, sprinkler intensity initially increased and then decreased as vane width decreased, indicating a nonlinear relationship between them. Radial water distribution patterns were categorized as ‘near single-peak’ ‘far single-peak’, and ‘gentle’. Compared to the standard nozzle, the N3W2.5 configuration enhanced water distribution stabilization, irrigation uniformity, and spraying intensity between 12 mm/h and 17 mm/h.【Conclusion】Under the tested working pressure, the optimal guide vane configuration was three vanes with a width of 2.5 mm, which achieved a throw range of 17.50 m, sprinkler intensity of 4.42 mm/h, and a uniformity coefficient of 91.20%. Structural optimization of the guide vane nozzle, supported by orthogonal testing and comprehensive evaluation, significantly improved the uniformity and efficiency of impact sprinkler nozzles. These findings offer valuable insights for improving future sprinkler nozzle designs. |
| Key words: hydraulic performance; impact sprinkler; nozzle; structural design; sprinkler irrigation intensity; multi-index evaluation method |
