| 引用本文: | 马文昌,孙于卜,林 飞,等.子午岭油松人工林土壤入渗特征及适宜模型分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):19-26. |
| MA Wenchang,SUN Yubo,LIN Fei,et al.子午岭油松人工林土壤入渗特征及适宜模型分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):19-26. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究黄土高原子午岭林区不同密度油松人工林土壤入渗特征及适宜模型评价，为黄土高原腹地以水源涵养功能导向型林分改造提供理论依据。【方法】2023年8月，以甘肃省合水县连家砭林场5种不同密度（2 222、3 200、4 802、6 250株/hm2和7 503株/hm2）的油松人工林为研究对象，采用双环入渗法测定土壤入渗特征，数值模拟法分析评价5种土壤入渗模型的拟合效果。【结果】①不同密度油松人工林的土壤初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、平均入渗速率和累积入渗量随林分密度的增大呈“单峰”型变化趋势，峰值均在4 802株/hm2，其平均值分别为18.27、11.31、13.57 mm/min和143.45 cm；②累积入渗量从大到小的林分密度分别是：4 802株/hm2（143.45 cm）、6 250株/hm2（121.21 cm）、7 503株/hm2（53.03 cm）、3 200株/hm2（52.04 cm）、2 222株/hm2（50.25 cm）；③通过比较初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率及累积入渗量，发现不同密度油松人工林的土壤入渗能力从大到小表现为：4 802株/hm2＞6 250株/hm2＞3 200株/hm2＞7 503株/hm2＞2 222株/hm2；④通用模型、蒋定生模型、Horton模型、Philip模型和Kostiakov模型的R2分别为：0.985、0.966、0.951、0.867和0.760。【结论】仅考虑黄土高原子午岭林区不同密度油松人工林的土壤入渗能力，其水源涵养功能在4 802株/hm2表现良好，且通用模型最适宜模拟本研究区的土壤入渗过程。 |
| 关键词: 油松人工林；密度梯度；土壤入渗特征；入渗模型；子午岭 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024399 |
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| Soil water infiltration in Pinus tabuliformis plantation in the Ziwuling |
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MA Wenchang, SUN Yubo, LIN Fei, LUO Chengjiang, WANG Dengjie, QIAO Bin
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1. School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China;
2. Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration,
Qingyang 745000, China; 3. Gansu Ziwuling Ecological System Observation and Research Station, Qingyang 745000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil water infiltration is critical for moisture retention, vegetation growth and long-term ecosystem stability, particularly in ecologically fragile areas like the Loess Plateau. Pinus tabuliformis is a key species used in regional reforestation and plays a vital role in soil hydrological processes. This paper investigates soil water infiltration in P. tabuliformis plantations with different stand densities in the Ziwuling region of the Loess Plateau.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in August 2023 at the Lianjiabian Forest Farm, Heshui County, Gansu Province. Five stand densities, 2 222, 3 200, 4 802, 6 250 and 7 503 plants/hm2, were selected. Soil water infiltration in each stand was measured using the double-ring infiltrometer method. Five models were evaluated for their ability to simulate water infiltration: the General Infiltration Model, the Jiang Dingsheng Model, the Horton Model, the Philip Model, and the Kostiakov Model.【Result】① With increasing stand density, the initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration showed unimodal trends, all peaking at stand density of 4 802 plants/hm2; their corresponding average values were 18.27 mm/min, 11.31 mm/min, 13.57 mm/min, and 143.45 cm, respectively. ② Cumulative infiltration under different stand density ranked (from high to low) in the order of 4 802＞6 250＞7 503＞3 200＞2 222 plants/hm2. ③ Overall, soil infiltration capacity, based on all indicators, ranked with stand density in the order of 4 802＞6 250＞3 200＞7 503＞ 2 222 plants/hm2. ④ The R2 value of the general infiltration model, the Jiang Dingsheng model, the Horton model, the Philip model and the Kostiakov model was 0.985, 0.966, 0.951, 0.867 and 0.760, respectively.【Conclusion】Among all stand densities of Pinus tabuliformis plantations, the density 4 802 plants/hm2 had the highest water infiltration capacity, showing superior water conservation potential. The general infiltration model proved to be the most suitable for simulating soil water infiltration processes in this region. |
| Key words: Pinus tabuliformis plantation; density gradient; soil infiltration characteristics; infiltration model; Ziwuling |
