| 引用本文: | 景向崇,李瑞平,范理权,等.河套灌区秋耕措施与秋浇定额对翌年
土壤水盐氮调控及综合效益评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):125-132. |
| JING Xiangchong,LI Ruiping,FAN Liquan,et al.河套灌区秋耕措施与秋浇定额对翌年
土壤水盐氮调控及综合效益评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):125-132. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明盐渍化灌区秋浇后历经整个冻融期到翌年春播时土壤墒情对秋耕措施与秋浇定额的响应机制。【方法】结合河套灌区实际秋浇情况，开展了3种秋耕措施（免耕（MG）、翻耕（FG）、翻耕加激光平地（FP））和2种秋浇定额（1 500 m3/hm2（1）、2 000 m3/hm2（2））的田间试验，分析了不同秋耕措施及秋浇定额对翌年土壤水分、盐分、离子和氮素的调控影响，以保证作物出苗率和经济效益为落脚点，探讨各处理对春播期土壤墒情的调控效应。最后围绕经济效益、土壤改良效益、社会及生态效益3个方面构建灌区综合评价指标体系，采用AHP-熵权法组合赋权结合TOPSIS法分别对各处理调控水平进行综合评价与排序，得出最优措施。【结果】翻耕加激光平地措施在提高土壤储水量、脱盐效果、作物出苗率和经济效益方面表现优异，具有显著的综合调控优势，其中1 500 m3/hm2的秋浇定额春玉米播种的出苗率为94.53%，纯收入为23 893.5元/hm2，综合评价指数最高，为0.678。【结论】翻耕加激光平地措施下进行1 500 m3/hm2秋浇定额灌溉为最优措施。 |
| 关键词: 河套灌区；秋耕措施；秋浇定额；春播调控；综合效益评价 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025085 |
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| Benefits of autumn tillage and irrigation on soil water retention, salt regulation, and nitrogen availability in the following year |
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JING Xiangchong, LI Ruiping, FAN Liquan, ZHANG Yin
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1. College of Water Conservancy, Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In salinized irrigation areas, soil water availability and salt content in early spring are key constraints for crop establishment and yield, especially after winter freeze-thaw cycles in the following year. Autumn tillage and irrigation are techniques to manage soil water, salt and nitrogen dynamics. This paper shows how different autumn tillage and irrigation methods influence soil water retention, soil salinity and nitrogen dynamics after the freeze-thaw period, aiming to provide an optimal agronomic practice for salinized regions.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in a spring maize field at the Hetao Irrigation District. It compared three autumn tillage methods - no tillage (MG), conventional tillage (FG) and tillage with laser leveling (FP). Each tillage had two irrigation treatments, irrigating 1 500 m3/hm2 and 2 000 m3/hm2 of water. During the experiment, we measured soil moisture, soil salinity, soil ion composition and soil nitrogen content in the following spring. A comprehensive evaluation index system was developed, encompassing economic, soil improvement, and socio-ecological benefits, to evaluate all treatments. The AHP-entropy weight method combined with the TOPSIS model was used to rank the performance of all treatments.【Result】Irrigating 1 500 m3/hm2 of water combined with tillage coupled with laser levelling gave the highest spring maize seedling emergence rate (94.53%), net income (23 893.5 yuan/hm2), and comprehensive evaluation score (0.678). 【Conclusion】The optimal autumn irrigation and tillage for salinized soils in the Hetao Irrigation District was 1 500 m3/hm2 and tillage coupled with laser leveling. This offers the best balance between soil improvement, economic return, and ecological benefit for maize production in the region. |
| Key words: Hetao Irrigation District; autumn ploughing measures; autumn pouring quota; spring sowing control; comprehensive benefit evaluation |
