| 引用本文: | 王 凯,陶 园,董勤各,等.贺兰山西麓典型盐渍土成因分析及分区治理探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):114-124. |
| WANG Kai,TAO Yuan,DONG Qin’ge,et al.贺兰山西麓典型盐渍土成因分析及分区治理探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(9):114-124. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】归纳贺兰山西麓阿拉善左旗盐渍土成因及治理措施，梳理形成贺兰山西麓典型盐渍土分区及高效治理模式。【方法】以地下水井灌和高扬程引黄灌溉为切入点，从自然因素与人为因素等方面对贺兰山西麓的腰坝绿洲和孪井滩扬黄灌区的土壤盐渍化成因和治理措施进行综述，对治理措施进行探讨，提炼分区高效治理模式。【结果】蒸发强烈以及土壤母质含盐量高为区域土壤可溶性盐分的积累创造先决条件，而腰坝绿洲灌溉和种植结构不合理以及地下水过度开采加剧了土壤盐渍化；孪井滩高扬程灌区早期大水漫灌加之土壤水分易渗漏促进下游灌区盐渍土的发展，目前大田滴灌条件下缺乏淋洗条件及田间排水不配套，形成新的盐渍化风险。对该区域盐渍土治理提出以下建议：①腰坝绿洲应以“地上节水，地下治理”为核心，继续发展节水灌溉技术、建立配套的节水灌溉制度、调整作物种植结构、地下水补源工程、地下高咸水排水等措施实现地下水采补平衡，降低地下水矿化度；②孪井滩扬黄灌区应科学确定灌区地下水临界深度，根据土壤质地以及作物种植结构采取并制定不同的盐分淋洗模式与灌溉制度，完善排水措施促进灌排协同。【结论】在传统盐碱地治理基础上，基于腰坝绿洲与孪井灌区盐渍化驱动机制的区域特性，针对性提出区域特色治理措施：对腰坝绿洲实施地下水“补源-控咸”协同治理方案；对孪井滩扬黄灌区提出“节水灌溉-精准洗盐-灌排协同”一体化治理模式。贺兰山西麓盐渍土改良利用是一个复杂的系统工程，需打破传统的单一农田水利思路，注重腰坝绿洲及孪井滩灌区盐渍化演变过程中共性与个性规律，加强多种治理措施之间的相互配套，实现贺兰山西麓盐渍土分区综合治理。 |
| 关键词: 贺兰山；地下水；扬黄灌区；土壤盐渍化；分区治理措施 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024377 |
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| Cause analysis and zoning-based management of typical saline soils at the western foot of Helan Mountain |
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WANG Kai, TAO Yuan, DONG Qin’ge, LIU Yong, ZHANG Dequan, MIAO Ping, MA Hongli
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1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;
3. College of Water and Soil Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
4. Ordos Water Conservancy Development Center, Ordos 017002, China;
5. Ordos River and Lake Protection Center, Ordos 017000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The expansion of saline soils at the western foot of Helan Mountain, particularly in Alashan Left Banner, poses significant threats to agriculture and ecosystem health. This study systematically analyzes the causes of soil salinization in this region and proposes mitigation strategies.【Method】The research focused on two key irrigation areas: Yaoba Oasis, which relies on groundwater for irrigation, and the Luanjingtan Yellow River Irrigation Area, which utilizes Yellow River water for irrigation. Both natural factors, such as climate, soil parent material, hydrological conditions, and anthropogenic factors, including irrigation methods and cropping patterns, were examined for their roles in soil salinization.【Result】High evaporation and elevated salt content in the soil parent material are the primary drivers of salt accumulation. In Yaoba Oasis, improper irrigation and cropping practices, coupled with excessive groundwater extraction, intensify soil salinization. In the Twin Well Beach area, early flood irrigation combined with soil moisture leakage led to salinization in the downstream region. Additionally, in areas practicing drip irrigation, the absence of adequate leaching and field drainage creates risks of secondary salinization. To address these issues, we recommend: ① Implementing water-saving irrigation techniques, groundwater recharge projects, crop structure adjustments, and enhanced drainage systems; ② Determining critical groundwater depths and adopting salt leaching and irrigation methods tailored to soil texture and cropping patterns, and improving drainage infrastructure to ensure coordinated irrigation and drainage management.【Conclusion】Effective management of saline soils at the western foot of Helan Mountain requires moving beyond traditional approaches to incorporate tailored strategies that reflect the distinct salinization dynamics of Yaoba Oasis and the Luanjingtan Irrigation Area. This study advocates for a coordinated groundwater management plan emphasizing “source replenishment and salt control” in Yaoba Oasis, alongside an integrated approach combining “water-saving irrigation, targeted salt leaching, and synchronized irrigation-drainage” in the Yellow River irrigation district. Due to the complexity of soil salinization in this region, sustainable reclamation depends on adopting holistic, site-specific practices that integrate multiple control measures and move beyond conventional single-focus water management methods. |
| Key words: Helan Mountain; groundwater; Yanghuang irrigation area; soil salinization; partition governance measures |
