| 摘要: |
| 在全球气候变化与水资源日益紧张的背景下，膜下滴灌（Film-Mulched Drip Irrigation, FMDI）技术因其卓越的节水抑盐增产效果，已广泛应用于干旱与半干旱地区的农业生产。随着技术进步，膜下滴灌系统设计已从经验式（即主要依赖以往工程案例与人工直觉、缺乏标准化水力学计算和作物需水模型的粗放化设计）转向基于规范的科学流程，提升了工程实施的一致性与可靠性。然而，该系统涉及水-热-盐-作物多过程的强耦合，其高效管理亟须依托物理机制建模与耦合模拟手段。本文系统综述了膜下滴灌系统的关键物理及生理过程建模基础与耦合模拟策略，涵盖地表蒸发机制、根系吸水与二维水分运移模型、以及强耦合与弱耦合模式下的典型模型系统（如HYDRUS、SWAP、AquaCrop、RZWQM等）及其适用性比较。研究表明，地表蒸发建模方法从经验系数法向基于能量平衡与物理过程驱动的多区分解法、半物理模型和全物理模型演进，显著提升了对膜孔异质性与微气候调控效应的刻画精度；根区水分迁移模拟方面，通过引入Feddes-van Genuchten模型、非均匀根长密度分布、无网格算法与动态根系结构，显著增强了模型在二维或轴对称湿润体结构下的适应性与模拟精度。强耦合模型可同步求解水热盐与作物反馈过程，适用于高精度过程分析与长期模拟；而弱耦合模型则以模块化顺序耦合为特征，兼顾效率与灵活性，已广泛应用于区域尺度的灌溉调度优化与水分生产力评估。综上，膜下滴灌建模体系正由单一过程向多物理过程耦合、多尺度模型集成发展。未来研究应加强微观结构异质性表达、多源观测数据融合与模型轻量化技术的集成，推动膜下滴灌系统向数字化、精准化调控转型，为干旱区农业可持续发展提供科学支撑。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；水-热-盐-作物耦合；地表蒸发建模；根系吸水模拟；强/弱耦合模型；HYDRUS |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025247 |
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| Advances and perspectives of water-heat- salt-crop modelling under film-mulched drip irrigation: A review |
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LIU Shuiqing, CHEN Shuai, SHANG Songhao
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1. Department of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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| Abstract: |
| In the context of global climate change and increasing water scarcity, film-mulched drip irrigation (FMDI) has become widely adopted in arid and semi-arid regions due to its superiority in water saving, salt suppression and yield enhancement. Traditionally, FMDI system design relied on empirical approaches grounded in engineering experience and intuition, lacking standardized hydraulic calculations and crop-water interaction models. Recent advances have shifted FMDI design toward standardized and process-based approaches, which have substantially improved the reliability, consistency and computational efficiency of the models. FMDI involves tightly coupled interactions of water, heat, salt and crop growth, necessitating physically based models to optimize its management and design. This review systematically summarizes the physical and physiological models, as well as their integration, used in subsurface FMDI. Key processes in these models include soil surface evaporation, root water uptake, multidimensional soil water transport; these processes are either fully or loosely coupled in model development. Approaches for modelling soil surface evaporation have shifted from simple empirical approaches to energy-balance and physics-driven multi-zone partitioning, semi-physical, and fully physical models, which significantly improve the representation of soil heterogeneity and microclimate in the emitter zones. In the root zone, incorporating the Feddes-van Genuchten uptake functions, non-uniform root length density distributions, meshless algorithms and dynamic root architectures have markedly improved the accuracy of root water uptake modelling in both two-dimensions and three-dimensions. Fully coupled models can simultaneously simulate water, heat, salt and crop dynamics, as well as their feedback interaction, while loosely coupled models, using modular sequential coupling, offer a balance between computational efficiency and flexibility; they have thus been widely used for optimizing regional irrigation scheduling and assessing water productivity. Overall, FMDI modelling has advanced from single process approaches to multi-physics, multi-scale frameworks. Future research should focus on representing microscale heterogeneity, integrating multi-source observational data, and developing lightweight modelling technologies for digital and precision management of FMDI and to help develop sustainable agriculture in arid regions. |
| Key words: film-mulched drip irrigation; water-heat-salt-crop coupling; surface evaporation modeling; root water uptake simulation; fully/loosely coupled models; HYDRUS |
