| 引用本文: | 王 艳,王兴旺,屈艳萍,等.农田灌溉水量估算及其对作物耗水与产量贡献分析
—以冀中南地区为例[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(11):1-9. |
| WANG Yan,WANG Xingwang,QU Yanping,et al.农田灌溉水量估算及其对作物耗水与产量贡献分析
—以冀中南地区为例[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(11):1-9. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同作物生育期的灌溉用水量时空变化及其对作物耗水量和产量的贡献。【方法】以冀中南地区为例，基于降水量、土壤含水率和实际蒸散发量，利用水量平衡方程估算近20 a每8天的农田净灌溉水量，与统计数据、文献资料对比后验证了估算结果的可靠性。结合各地市作物统计产量数据，利用随机森林模型评估各水平衡要素与作物耗水量占比对作物产量的重要性。【结果】估算结果与《河北省水资源公报》统计数据高度吻合（R2=0.94），对比结果均在可接受误差范围内。夏玉米季农田净灌溉水量空间分布呈中部平原高，周边山区及沿海地区低的特点，年际波动显著下降。灌溉需水主要集中在6月，占生长季总净灌溉水量的49.92%；总净灌溉水量与蒸散发量的比值为0.27。冬小麦生育期农田灌溉水量在中部地区明显高于其他地区，年际变化相对稳定。净灌溉水量高峰期集中在4—5月，分别占其生长季总量的23.25%和39.93%；生长季累计净灌溉水量与蒸散发量的比值为0.30。夏玉米产量在衡水、廊坊、邢台主要受灌溉蒸散比的影响，石家庄、保定和廊坊冬小麦产量与土壤水关联显著。【结论】本研究揭示了不同作物生长季农田实际灌溉水量时空差异，量化了灌溉与作物耗水量的贡献占比及其对作物产量影响，为农业水资源优化管理和粮食安全保障提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 净灌溉水量；夏玉米；冬小麦；蒸散发；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025137 |
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| Spatiotemporal variation in net irrigation and its effects on water consumption and wheat-maize yield in southern and central Hebei Province |
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WANG Yan, WANG Xingwang, QU Yanping, CHANG Wenjuan
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1. College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Annual wheat -maize rotation is a dominant cropping system in Hebei Province, in which both crops require irrigation during their growing periods. This paper proposes a method to estimate the spatiotemporal variation of their net irrigation and its effects on water use and yields of the two crops in the region.【Method】The analysis focused on the southern and central parts of the province. Twenty years of eight-day average net irrigation were estimated using a water balance approach that incorporated precipitation, soil moisture changes and evapotranspiration. The accuracy of the estimates was tested against statistical records and published results. Crop yields at the municipal scale were analyzed using the random forest method to assess the importance of different components of the water balance in influencing water use and yields of the two crops.【Result】① The estimated net irrigation agreed well with data from the Hebei Water Resources Bulletin, with R2=0.94. Other comparisons also revealed that the estimated results were within acceptable error ranges. ② Spatially, the net irrigation of summer maize was higher in the central plains and lower in the surrounding mountainous and coastal areas of the study region. Temporally, our results showed that the net irrigation decreased on average over the past 20 years, although it showed interannual fluctuations. Irrigation demand peaked in June, accounting for 49.92% of the total irrigation amount. On average, 27% of evapotranspiration came from irrigation water. ③ Spatially, the net irrigation of winter wheat was markedly higher in the central region, while temporally, it remained relatively unchanged over the past 20 years. Peak irrigation occurred in April and May, with the former and latter accounting for 23.25% and 39.93% of the total irrigation amount, respectively. On average, irrigation water contributed 30% of the total evapotranspiration. ④ Summer maize yield was mainly influenced by the irrigation-to-evapotranspiration ratio in Hengshui, Langfang, and Xingtai, while winter wheat yield was correlated with soil water content in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Langfang.【Conclusion】Our results show a clear spatiotemporal variation in net irrigation and this variation affects the evapotranspiration and wheat-maize yield. These findings can help optimize agricultural water management and improve crop yields in the study region. |
| Key words: net irrigation; summer maize; winter wheat; evapotranspiration; yield |
