| 引用本文: | 张文静,吴春祥,徐东波,等.优化灌溉施肥对设施番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(11):10-17. |
| ZHANG Wenjing,WU Chunxiang,XU Dongbo,et al.优化灌溉施肥对设施番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,44(11):10-17. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨滴灌施肥措施下设施番茄高产优质、节本增效适宜的水肥用量参数。【方法】设置温室番茄小区试验，以不施肥处理（CK0）、常规灌溉施肥（CF）作为对照，滴灌氮肥全量T1处理，T1处理基础上减量：节水20%、减氮10%（T2），节水20%、减氮20%（T3），节水30%、减氮10%（T4），节水30%、减氮20%（T5），在T1处理基础上，T2—T5处理统一减磷（P2O5）40%，研究不同灌溉施肥条件下设施番茄生长指标、产量、品质以及水肥利用率的响应规律。【结果】与CF处理相比，滴灌全量（T1处理）番茄经济产量和干物质量增加25.65%和16.98%，果实硝酸盐量显著降低7.94%，番茄红素量显著增加63.76%，灌溉水利用率（IWUE）和肥料偏生产力（PFP）提高14.05%和14.01%。低灌水量时，T4、T5处理番茄水肥利用率差异不显著，但适当增加灌水施肥可以提高水肥利用率，T1、T2处理番茄产量显著高于其余处理，分别为91.6 t/hm2和90.1 t/hm2。T2处理番茄IWUE和PFP最高，分别为45.1 kg/m3和121 kg/kg。滴灌技术持续的水肥供应能够保证番茄采收前期、后期的口感与品质；与CF处理相比，滴灌减量T3处理番茄维生素C量和可溶性固形物量平均提高21.59%和11.29%，果实硝酸盐量降低9.13%。【结论】综合产量、品质、水肥利用率考虑，本试验中春夏茬设施番茄推荐T2处理（灌水量2 016 m3/hm2、N 243 kg/hm2、P2O5 135 kg/hm2、K2O 375 kg/hm2）作为最优灌溉施肥措施。 |
| 关键词: 番茄；滴灌施肥；产量；品质；水肥利用 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025078 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Optimizing irrigation and fertilization to improve yield, quality and resource use efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes |
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ZHANG Wenjing, WU Chunxiang, XU Dongbo, WU Run, GUO Zaihua, TIAN Yujia, YU Defang
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1. Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Bengbu Cadre School, Bengbu 233719, China;
3. Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Shashi District, Jingzhou 434099, China;
4. Hubei Province Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Work Station, Wuhan 430070, China;
5. Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xiaonan District, Xiaogan 432100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Efficient irrigation and fertilization are critical to sustaining greenhouse vegetable production. They not only improve fruit yield and quality, but also reduce resource waste and environmental risks. This paper experimentally determines the optimal water and fertilizer application for greenhouse tomatoes under drip fertigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with seven treatments: no fertilizer application (CK0); conventional flood irrigation and fertilization (CF); sufficient drip irrigation and fertilization (T1); reducing water and nitrogen applications in T1 by 20% and 10% (T2), 20% and 20% (T3), 30% and 10% (T4), 30% and 20% (T5), respectively, with all treatments including a reduction in phosphorus application (P2O5) by 40%. In each treatment, we measured growth, yield, quality, and water and fertilizer use efficiency of tomatoes. 【Result】Compared with CF, T1 increased economic yield and dry matter weight of tomatoes by 25.65% and 16.98%, respectively, while reducing fruit nitrate content by 7.94% and increasing lycopene content by 63.76%; it also increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) of fertilizer by 14.05% and 14.01%, respectively. There was no significant difference in water and fertilizer use efficiency between T4 and T5, and a moderate increase in irrigation and fertilization improved fruit yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency. The yield of T1 and T2 was 91.6 t/hm2 and 90.1 t/hm2, respectively, the highest among all treatments. The IWUE and PFP of T2 were 45.1 kg/m3 and 121 kg/kg, respectively, the highest among all treatments. Continuously supplying water and fertilizer via drip irrigation improved fruit quality both before and after harvest. Compared with CF, T3 increased average contents of vitamin C and soluble solids in the fruits by 21.59% and 11.29%, respectively, while reducing fruit nitrate content by 9.13%. 【Conclusion】Considering yield, quality, and water and fertilizer use efficiency, drip-fertigating 2 016 m3/hm2 of water, 243 kg/hm2 of nitrogen, 135 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 375 kg/hm2 of K2O is optimal for greenhouse tomato production in the study region and regions with similar conditions. |
| Key words: tomato; drip fertigation; yield; quality; water and fertilizer utilization |
