| 引用本文: | 吴腾帅,王天瑞,刘梦圆,等.调亏灌溉对黑豆生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):48-55. |
| WU Tengshuai,WANG Tianrui,LIU Mengyuan,et al.调亏灌溉对黑豆生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):48-55. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究调亏灌溉方式下不同灌溉量对黑豆生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】以“连枷条”黑豆品种为供试材料，采取随机区组试验，利用智能灌溉设备控制灌溉量，设置对照（CK）（全生育期土壤含水率＜75%田间持水率时灌溉）、轻度调亏T1（苗期、分枝期、成熟期土壤含水率＜65%田间持水率时灌溉，其他时期同CK）、中度调亏T2（整个生育期土壤含水率＜65%田间持水率时灌溉）、重度调亏T3（苗期、分枝期、成熟期土壤含水率＜55%田间持水率时灌溉，开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期＜65%田间持水率时灌溉，其他时期同CK）。分析不同调亏灌溉处理对土壤含水率、黑豆农艺性状、光合特性、产量及品质的影响。【结果】随着调亏程度的增加，0~40 cm土层的土壤含水率和土壤储水量呈逐步下降趋势；在黑豆生育中后期（结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期），T1处理的黑豆株高、茎粗、叶片净光合速率和气孔导度最高，且黑豆产量和水分利用效率最高，相比CK高17.53%和23.02%，其粗脂肪量显著高于其他处理，蛋白质量仅次于T2处理。【结论】苗期、分枝期、成熟期进行轻度调亏灌溉可促进黑豆生长发育，提高黑豆产量及水分利用效率，改善品质。 |
| 关键词: 调亏灌溉；黑豆；光合特性；产量；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025156 |
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| Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth and yield of black soybean |
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WU Tengshuai, WANG Tianrui, LIU Mengyuan, WANG Wen, LI Yajun
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1. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China;
2. College of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water scarcity and low irrigation water use efficiency are major constraints on crop production in the arid regions of Northern Shaanxi. This paper investigates the effects of different deficit irrigation levels on the growth, yield and grain quality of black soybean in this region.【Method】The cultivar “Lianjia Tiao” was used as the model plant. The experiment had four treatments: conventional irrigation with soil moisture content controlled above 75% of the field capacity throughout the entire growth period of the crop (CK); mild deficit irrigation by topping up soil water when soil water content dropped below 65% of the field capacity at the seedling, branching and maturity stages, with soil water in other stages managed in the same way as in CK (T1); moderate deficit irrigation by topping up soil water when soil moisture content fell below 65% of the field capacity throughout the entire growth period of the crop (T2); and severe deficit irrigation by topping up soil water when soil moisture content fell below 55% of the field capacity during the seedling, branching, and maturity stages, and below 65% during the flowering, podding and grain-filling stages, with soil water in other stages managed in the same way as in CK. During the experiment, we measured soil moisture, agronomic traits, physiological traits, grain yield and quality of the crop. 【Result】With increasing irrigation deficit level, both soil water content and soil water storage in the 0-40 cm soil layer decreased. During the podding, grain-filling and maturity stages, T1 gave the greatest plant height, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Yield and water use efficiency were the highest in T1, exceeding those in CK by 17.53% and 23.02%, respectively (P＜0.05). The crude fat content in T1 was 9.41%-21.97% higher than that in other treatments (P＜0.05), while the protein content in T1 was lower than that in T2 only.【Conclusion】Applying mild deficit irrigation during the seedling, branching and maturity stages can effectively promote the growth and physiological development of black soybean, thereby increasing its grain yield, water use efficiency and grain quality. It can be used as an improved irrigation strategy for black soybean production in the arid regions of Northern Shaanxi. |
| Key words: regulated deficit irrigation; black bean; photosynthetic characteristics; yield; water use efficiency |
