| 引用本文: | 韩 钊,刘少东,林彦宇.灌水、施氮和机械曝气耦合对寒区水稻秧苗生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):56-62. |
| HAN Zhao,LIU Shaodong,LIN Yanyu.灌水、施氮和机械曝气耦合对寒区水稻秧苗生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):56-62. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究灌水量、施氮量、机械曝气增氧三因素耦合对水稻秧苗生长的影响，实现寒区水稻温室育秧的水肥气精细化管理，提高秧苗素质。【方法】以龙稻18为试验对象，以灌溉定额、施氮量、增氧频率为试验因素，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方案进行试验，根据试验结果建立秧苗各项生长指标对育秧期间水、氮、气环境变量的回归模型；借助因子分析法对育秧效果进行综合评价，对秧苗生长指标提取公因子，根据综合评价值确定最适的灌水、施氮、曝气增氧方案，构建水稻秧苗生长模型。【结果】在所有处理中，第14处理组（灌溉定额47.78 mm，施氮量20 g/m2，增氧频率6次/d）、第7处理组（灌溉定额36.55 mm，施氮量28.9 g/m2，增氧频率4次/d）是水稻秧苗生长表现较优的处理组；第11处理组（灌溉定额47.78 mm，施氮量5 g/m2，增氧频率3次/d）的秧苗综合评价值最小，生长最差。借助生长模型的响应面图分析可知，在较低灌溉定额范围内增加施氮量和增氧频率更有利于培育生长表现更优的秧苗，在较高的施氮水平下增加增氧频率有效促进秧苗生长。【结论】最优环境变量变化区间为灌溉定额36.55~59.01 mm、施氮量20~28.9 g/m2、增氧频率4~6次/d。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；水肥气精细化管理；因子分析；模型 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025220 |
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| The combined effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and aeration on growth of rice seedlings in cold regions |
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HAN Zhao, LIU Shaodong, LIN Yanyu
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College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water and nutrient management, combined with soil anaerobicity, is constraints to rice seedling greenhouse cultivation in cold regions. This paper investigates the combined effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and aeration on growth of rice seedlings. 【Method】The rice cultivar ‘Longdao 18’ was used as the model plant. The experiment was designed using a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation design, with irrigation amount, nitrogen application rate and aeration frequency as the design factors. A regression model was established based on the experimental data to describe the relationships between seedling-growth traits and the irrigation amount, nitrogen application rate and aeration frequency. Factor analysis was used to comprehensively analyze the effects of these factors on seedling development, from which we extracted the most influential factors and the optimal irrigation-fertilization-aeration strategy for seedling greenhouse cultivation.【Result】Among all treatments, either irrigating 47.78 mm of water, applying 20 g/m2 of nitrogen, combined with an aeration frequency of 6 times/day; or irrigating 36.55 mm of water, applying 28.9 g/m2 of nitrogen, combined with an aeration frequency of 4 times/day, worked best for seedling development. In contrast, irrigating 47.78 mm of water, applying 5 g/m2 of nitrogen, combined with an aeration frequency of 3 times/day had the lowest comprehensive evaluation score and poorest seedling development. Response surface analysis indicated that when the irrigation amount was low, increasing nitrogen application and aeration frequency could significantly improve seedling growth. When nitrogen application was high, increasing aeration frequency could effectively promote the growth and physiological development of rice seedlings.【Conclusion】Our experimental results showed that the optimal irrigation-fertilization-aeration strategy for greenhouse rice seedling cultivation was: irrigating 36.55-59.01 mm of water, applying 20-28.9 g/m2 of nitrogen, with an aeration frequency of 4-6 times/day. |
| Key words: rice; fine management of water, fertilizer and gas; factor analysis; model |
