| 引用本文: | 李玉鹏,田花丽,杨 辉,等.南阳盆地砂姜黑土小麦氮肥追施策略及其生理基础研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):63-72. |
| LI Yupeng,TIAN Huali,YANG Hui,et al.南阳盆地砂姜黑土小麦氮肥追施策略及其生理基础研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(2):63-72. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索适宜南阳盆地砂姜黑土中低产田小麦追施氮肥的合理策略，并明确其在光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、细胞膜透性等方面的生理基础。【方法】2022年10月—2024年5月，以百农207为试验材料，通过设置返青、拔节、孕穗、抽穗等4个追施氮肥时期，具体为T1（氮肥50%基施+50%返青肥）、T2（氮肥50%基施+50%拔节肥）、T3（氮肥50%基施+50%孕穗肥）、T4（氮肥50%基施+50%抽穗肥），T0为对照（氮肥全部基施，整个生育期间不追肥）。连续2 a进行了氮肥追施的高产栽培试验，测定了叶面积指数、RuBPCase活性、SOD活性、POD活性、细胞膜透性等指标。【结果】随着追施氮肥时间的推迟，延缓了植株叶面积指数、RuBPCase活性、SOD活性、POD活性的降低，细胞膜透性增大变的缓慢。2022—2023年和2023—2024年试验，与对照相比，T1、T2、T3、T4处理的籽粒产量分别增加了2.3%、21.6%、17.9%、9.5%和1.5%、21.2%、17.2%、9.7%，T2、T3、T4处理较T0差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。根据皮尔逊（Pearson）相关性分析可知，小麦籽粒产量与叶面积指数、光合势、RuBPCase、SOD、POD呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），与细胞膜透性呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。【结论】在南阳盆地砂姜黑土中低产田，适当追施氮肥能够提高旗叶的光合能力，延长旗叶的光合功能期，提高抗氧化酶的活性，降低细胞膜透性，进而增加产量，本试验中以拔节期追施氮肥的处理较为适宜。 |
| 关键词: 砂姜黑土；小麦；氮肥追施策略；生理基础 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025108 |
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| Effect of nitrogen top addressing on physiological traits of wheat (T.aestivum L.) in Shajiang black soil |
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LI Yupeng, TIAN Huali, YANG Hui, WANG Qinghua, JIAN Juntao,
HE Dexian, LI Yangfei, LIU Feng
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1. Nanyang Academy of Science, Nanyang 473083, China;
2. College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
3. Henan Xiantianxia Seeds Industry Limited Company, Dengzhou 474150, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Shajiang black soil is a typical calcareous soil characterized by high clay content and seasonal waterlogging, where optimal fertilization and water management are critical for sustaining crop production. This paper presents the results of a field experiment that investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) topdressing timing on wheat physiological traits, antioxidant enzyme activity, and cell membrane permeability of wheat grown in this type of soil.【Method】The experiment was conducted from October 2022 to May 2024 in a wheat field within the Nanyang Basin in central China, using the wheat variety ‘Bainong 207’ as the model plant. Four N topdressing treatments were designed, with 50% of the total N applied as basal fertilizer and the remaining 50% topdressed at regreening stage (T1), jointing stage (T2), booting stage (T3), or heading stage (T4). The control treatment (CK) was to apply the 100% of N as basal fertilization without additional topdressing. During the experiment, we measured leaf area index (LAI), activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), as well as cell membrane permeability of the wheat. 【Result】Delaying N topdressing from regreening stage to heading stage significantly reduced the activity of RuBPCase, SOD, and POD, slowed the increase in LAI and cell membrane permeability. Compared with CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4 increased grain yield by 2.3%, 21.6%, 17.9% and 9.5% in the 2022—2023 growing season, and by 1.5%, 21.2%, 17.2%, and 9.7% in the 2023—2024, respectively. The yield differences between T2/T3/T4 and CK were statistically significant (P＜0.05), with T2 giving the highest yield increase. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that wheat grain yield was positively correlated with the activity of RuBPCase, SOD, POD, LAI and photosynthetic potential (P＜0.05), but negatively correlated with cell membrane permeability (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】In low-to-moderate productivity Shajiang black soil in the Nanyang Basin, optimizing N topdressing timing can enhance wheat photosynthetic capacity, extend the photosynthetic period of flag leaves, improve antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduce cell membrane permeability, ultimately increasing grain yield. Among all tested treatments, applying 50% of N as basal fertilizer with the remaining 50% N topdressed at the jointing stage is the optimal N fertilization for maximizing wheat yield. |
| Key words: Shajiang black soil; wheat; nitrogen topdressing strategy; physiological foundation |
