| 引用本文: | 程 婕,王冰蕊,时 红,等.稻田淹涝退水对产量及氮磷泥沙排放特征的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):64-74. |
| CHENG Jie,WANG Bingrui,SHI Hong,et al.稻田淹涝退水对产量及氮磷泥沙排放特征的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(3):64-74. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究淹涝退水过程对水稻产量和稻田污染物排放特征的影响机制。【方法】采取盆栽试验方法，在早稻抽穗期、黄熟期以及中稻分蘖期、拔节期，均设置13个处理（含正常生长的对照CK），其中对泥沙量、淹水时长及退水历时分别设定以下水平：泥沙量为S0（0 kg/m3）、S1（0.10 kg/m3）、S2（0.25 kg/m3），淹水时长为F1（持续全淹3 d）、F2（持续全淹6 d），退水历时为D1（退水过程历时3 d）、D2（退水过程历时6 d），研究淹涝退水过程对早稻及中稻排水水质泥沙量、氮磷（TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TP）质量浓度和水稻产量及其构成因子影响。【结果】①淹涝胁迫会降低水稻穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量，从而导致产量下降11.07%~69.96%，且早稻、中稻不同淹涝退水处理均以F1D1、F1D2处理的平均减产率较低。②水稻在不同生育时期内受淹，泥沙量会随着退水过程减少，退水第6天，水体中泥沙量可减少50%以上。③水体总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷质量浓度均在淹涝退水过程中呈上升趋势，且不同生育时期各处理之间存在差异，其中早稻、中稻分别以抽穗期和分蘖期较高。④水稻受淹后退水产生的污染物（TN、NH4+-N、TP）与早稻产量负相关，与中稻产量相关性不大。【结论】淹涝退水过程对水稻生长尤为重要，本试验条件下，水稻淹涝3 d后并在3~6 d内完成退水，早稻、中稻平均减产率可降低到18.67%~50.33%和32.38%~38.35%，TN、TP质量浓度分别可控制在25.82 mg/L和1.41 mg/L以下，能够有效降低水稻灾损，减少农田污染物排放。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；全生育期；淹涝退水；污染物；产量；面源污染 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025283 |
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| Effects of flooding and drainage on rice yield and nutrient losses in paddy fields |
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CHENG Jie, WANG Bingrui, SHI Hong, SHI Yuanzhi, ZHAO Shujun, WAN Shaoyuan, CAI Shuo
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1. Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330201, China;
2. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology,
Nanchang 330013, China; 3. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China;
4. College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Flooding and drainage in paddy fields strongly influence rice growth, yield formation, and nutrient losses. However, their mechanistic effects on crop productivity and nutrient leaching remain poorly understood. This paper aims to elucidate these mechanisms. 【Method】Experiments were conducted in pots. Sediment contents of 0 kg/m3 (S0), 0.10 kg/m3 (S1) and 0.25 kg/m3 (S2), inundation duration with continuous flooding of 3 days (F1) and 6 days (F2), and water recession for 3 days (D1) and 6 days (D2) were applied during the tasseling and yellow ripening stages of early-season rice and the tillering and jointing stages of mid-season rice. The control (CK) was conventional management used by local farmers. In total, there were 13 treatments. In each treatment, we measured changes in sediment content, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the effluents, as well as rice yield and yield components.【Result】①Flooding resulted in yield reductions ranging from 11.07% to 69.96%; on average, the F1D1 and F1D2 treatments showed the least yield loss for both early- and mid-season rice. ②Sediment concentration decreased significantly over time during the drainage process and was reduced by more than 50% six days after the onset of drainage. ③TN, NH4?-N, NO3--N and TP concentrations increased during both flooding and drainage processes, with early-season rice exhibiting the highest concentrations at the tasseling stage and mid-season rice at the tillering stage. ④TN, NH4?-N and TP concentrations in the effluent were negatively correlated with early-season rice yield, while their correlations with mid-season rice yield were not statistically significant.【Conclusion】Flooding and drainage critically influence rice yield and nutrient losses in paddy fields. Our experiment showed that flooding for 3 days followed by a 3-6 day drainage minimized yield loss to 18.67%-50.33% for early-season rice and 32.38%-38.35% for mid-season rice, with TN and TP concentrations in the effluent remaining below 25.82 mg/L and 1.41 mg/L, respectively. These strategies can be used in irrigation and drainage system design. |
| Key words: rice; total growth period; flooding and receding; pollutants; yield; nonpoint source pollution |
