| 引用本文: | 何希煜,杨贵羽,王 浩,等.因地制宜开展非常规水开发利用的思考
——以新疆地区为例[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):104-109. |
| HE Xiyu,YANG Guiyu,WANG Hao,et al.因地制宜开展非常规水开发利用的思考
——以新疆地区为例[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(5):104-109. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】因地制宜拓展非常规水利用渠道，缓解水资源供需矛盾，保障生态安全与农业可持续发展。【方法】采用统计分析、区域案例研究与政策梳理等方法，系统分析了我国非常规水（包括再生水、矿井水、微咸水等）及开发利用现状，并以新疆地区为代表，以其丰富的苦咸水为对象，探讨了苦咸水开发利用在协同治理盐碱地、沙漠“锁边”生态工程等方面的实践意义。【结果】①我国非常规水类型多、数量大，但总体利用率仍偏低，2023年，利用总量为251.6亿m3，仅占供水总量的4.24%。②非常规水空间分布不均，主要集中分布华北、东南沿海和西部五省区，开发利用率整体偏低，其中新疆苦咸水资源丰富但利用率不足。③苦咸水开发不足和不合理开发，导致水土退化的负面反馈循环。【结论】综合非常规水数量可观但利用不足现状，在节水挖潜的同时，开展苦咸水合理开发利用对缓解水资源短缺、协同解决盐碱地等具有重要现实意义，以盐碱地治理与生态环境保护协同治理为思路，以水改地、水土粮生协同发展为目标，提出因地制宜开展非常规水-苦咸水利用的相关建议：即结合区域特点，在供水端应加强苦咸水数量、分布以及动态转化特点的分析，为科学开发提供支撑；在用水端，应拓展苦咸水的利用渠道，结合淡化技术，因地制宜地开展生态、农业灌溉等利用模式探究。综合推进苦咸水的科学开发和可持续利用。 |
| 关键词: 非常规水；水资源短缺；苦咸水；新疆 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025205 |
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| Development and utilization of unconventional water resources in China: Challenges and regional strategies |
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HE Xiyu, YANG Guiyu, WANG Hao, ZHAO Yong, YU Shuang’en, LI Shuoyang, CHANG Cui
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1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security,
Beijing 100038, China; 2. College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water resource problems in China are many and vary, characterized by limited availability and unbalanced spatiotemporal distribution of supply and demand. The increased demand for water is likely to exacerbate this imbalance further. Developing and utilizing unconventional water resources has therefore emerged as an effective strategy to alleviate water scarcity, safeguard ecological security and promote sustainable agricultural development.【Method】Using statistical analysis, regional case studies and policy review, this paper systematically evaluates the status and utilization of unconventional water resources, including reclaimed water, mine water, and moderately saline (brackish) water in China. Taking Xinjiang as an example, we explore the significance of brackish water utilization in remediating saline-alkali soils and controlling desert encroachment.【Result】China has a diverse and substantial amount of unconventional water resources, but their utilization is low. In 2023, total national utilization of unconventional water was 25.16 billion m3, accounting for 4.24% of total water supply; however, their utilization efficiency remains low. There are limited explorations of the abundant brackish water resources in Xinjiang. Also, improper and insufficient utilization of brackish water has contributed to soil and water degradation, creating negative feedback loops in the environment. The substantial amount yet low utilization of unconventional water resources underscores the importance of their rational use in developing water-saving techniques. Based on the principle of coordinated saline-alkali land management and ecological protection, we propose a region-specific strategy for synergistic development of water, soil and agricultural productivity, which includes improving quantitative assessment, spatial mapping, and dynamic resource analysis of brackish water resources to support scientific development in the water supply side. Meanwhile, in water usage side, integrating desalination and ecological and agricultural irrigation practices has room for improvement. Collectively, implementation of these measures can promote sustainable utilization of brackish water resources in regions where freshwater resource is scarce can cannot meet the demand. |
| Key words: unconventional water; water scarcity; brackish-water utilization; Xinjiang |
