| 引用本文: | 刘振东,王 良,姜 雯,等.小麦玉米周年水肥一体化研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):40-49. |
| LIU Zhendong,WANG Liang,JIANG Wen,et al.小麦玉米周年水肥一体化研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):40-49. |
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| 摘要: |
| 传统水肥管理方式在小麦-玉米（麦玉）轮作体系中存在周年水肥需求高峰错位、土壤水分和养分库季节性波动加剧等突出问题，导致水资源浪费、化肥利用效率低下及土壤面源污染风险累积，已成为制约农业绿色高产高效发展的关键瓶颈。水肥一体化技术通过精准灌溉与按需供肥的协同，为解决上述问题提供了可行路径。本文系统梳理了该技术从国外引进试验、国产化培育到大田作物应用推广的发展历程，揭示了其通过优化根区水肥环境、调控作物生理代谢及适配养分循环过程，提升麦玉轮作系统生产力与资源利用效率的增效机理。研究进一步明确了水肥一体化技术对麦玉轮作体系的适配机制，量化了其对作物水肥利用效率的改善效果。针对长期应用可能引发的土壤生态效应，提出需构建水肥管理智能化决策系统，并强化与秸秆还田、深松耕作、有机肥配施及耐密抗逆品种筛选等农艺措施的协同，以保障水肥一体化技术的可持续应用与农业绿色发展目标。 |
| 关键词: 水肥一体化；夏玉米；冬小麦；产量；水肥利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026009 |
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| Integrated water and fertilizer management in wheat-maize rotation systems in China: A review |
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LIU Zhendong, WANG Liang, JIANG Wen, GAO Yingbo, LI Zongxin, LIU Kaichang, LI Quanqi
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-saving Technology and Equipment, Tai’an 271018, China; 2. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 3. College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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| Abstract: |
| Annual wheat-maize rotation is a traditional cultivation pattern in North China, and its fertilization and irrigation often face mismatches between peak demand of the crops for water and nutrients and pronounced seasonal fluctuations in soil water and nutrient availability in some specific stages during growth period of the crops. As such, this could reduce water and fertilizer use efficiency and increase the risk of non-point source pollution, compromising the development of sustainable agriculture. Water and fertilizer integration via coordinated regulation of precise irrigation and demand-driven fertilization offers an effective approach to address these challenges and has been investigated extensively over the past decades. This paper systematically reviews the advances in this technology, from early development and experimental validation to scale-up, optimization and large-scale application. The mechanisms underlying why water-fertilizer integration improves crop performance are analyzed, ranging from optimization of the root-zone water and nutrient environment, regulation of crop physiological and metabolic processes, to improvement in synchronization with nutrient cycling. We also review optimal water-fertilizer integration for wheat-maize rotation systems and its effectiveness in improving water and fertilizer use efficiency. We suggest developing an intelligent decision- support system for water and fertilizer management to evaluate the long-term impact of water-fertilizer integration on soil ecology, and synergistically integrating it with other agronomic practices such as straw return, deep tillage, organic fertilizer application and the use of lodging-resistant and stress-tolerant varieties to make the most of it. These integrated strategies can help improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and promote sustainable agriculture. |
| Key words: integrated water and fertilizer management; summer maize; winter wheat; yield; water and fertilizer use efficiency |
