| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确咸水灌溉下“水质-土壤-管理-环境”要素对中国玉米和小麦产量及水氮生产力的影响。【方法】基于834组田间实测数据，借助Meta分析开展整合研究，系统评估作物产量、水分生产力（WP）、灌溉水生产力（IWP）和氮肥生产力（NP）对咸水灌溉的响应，深入揭示其与灌溉水电导率及灌溉年限的协同演变关系。【结果】与淡水灌溉相比，咸水灌溉显著降低了玉米及小麦的产量、WP、IWP和NP（P＜0.05），且对玉米各项指标的影响更为显著。然而，具体效应因灌溉水质、初始土壤性质、田间管理实践和区域气候而异。利用钠吸附比为10~18的咸水进行短期灌溉，并结合化肥减氮、中等水量常规灌溉及地表覆盖，玉米和小麦产量在高体积质量、粗质地、低盐度与高有机质量的碱性土壤中较高，特别是在地下水位较深的干旱寒冷地区。在中等质地土壤中增施氮肥对WP具有正向驱动作用。此外，WP、IWP及NP对咸水施用年限的响应存在时滞效应，而产量呈线性下降趋势。玉米和小麦的产量及各生产力指标存在最优的灌溉水电导率阈值，分别介于3.57~5.77 dS/m和2.51~4.64 dS/m。【结论】咸水灌溉结合优化农艺措施，并对灌溉水质、耕层土壤和地下水位进行协同管理，能够在节约淡水资源的同时实现保产增效。 |
| 关键词: 咸水灌溉；玉米；小麦；产量；水氮生产力；整合分析 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025333 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Effect of saline water irrigation on yield and water-nitrogen productivity in maize and wheat in China: A Meta-analysis |
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HE Xuezhong, JIA Zhenjiang, WU Yangyang, WU Xiu, LI Bin, XU Haowen, LI Wangcheng
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1. Ningxia Zhongwei Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute, Zhongwei 755000, China;
2. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China;
4. Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】China is facing increasing freshwater scarcity, and saline water has been increasingly used as a supplementary resource for crop production. However, its long-term impact on crop yield and resource use efficiency remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the influence of irrigation water quality, initial soil condition, agronomic management, and environmental and climatic factors on grain yield and water-nitrogen productivity of maize and wheat under saline irrigation.【Method】A meta-analysis based on 834 pairs of field observations was conducted to quantitatively assess the responses of grain yield, water productivity (WP), irrigation water productivity (IWP), and nitrogen productivity (NP) to saline water irrigation. The relationships between these responses and irrigation water electrical conductivity (EC), as well as the duration of saline irrigation, were analyzed.【Result】Compared with freshwater irrigation, saline water irrigation significantly (P＜0.05) reduced grain yield, WP, IWP, and NP in maize and wheat by 24.94% and 18.60%, 7.20% and 9.04%, 20.70% and 15.35%, and 20.34% and 14.95%, respectively, indicating that maize is more sensitive to saline irrigation than wheat. However, these responses varied markedly with irrigation water properties, soil condition, management practices and environmental conditions. Higher yields were generally achieved under short-term saline irrigation with a sodium adsorption ratio in the range of 10 to 18, combined with reduced nitrogen application, moderate irrigation amount, and surface mulching. These effects were particularly evident in alkaline soils with high bulk density, coarse texture, low salinity, and high organic matter content, especially in arid and cold regions where the groundwater table is deep. In addition, increasing nitrogen application in medium-textured soils enhanced WP. Subgroup and regression analyses indicated a clear time-lag effect of saline irrigation duration on WP, IWP and NP, whereas grain yield decreased linearly with increasing duration of saline irrigation. The optimal EC thresholds for saline irrigation water were identified as 3.57-5.77 dS/m for maize and 2.51-4.64 dS/m for wheat.【Conclusion】Saline water irrigation generally reduces crop performance; however, its negative effects can be mitigated through optimized agronomic practices and coordinated management of irrigation water quality, soil condition, and groundwater depth. These findings provide practical guidance and scientific support for improving saline water irrigation in maize and wheat production in China. |
| Key words: saline water irrigation; maize; wheat; yield; water-nitrogen productivity; Meta-analysis |
