| 引用本文: | 贾若鹏,强小嫚,康燕霞,等.旱地冬小麦关键期补灌追肥对产量及水氮利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):77-84. |
| JIA Ruopeng,QIANG Xiaoman,KANG Yanxia,et al.旱地冬小麦关键期补灌追肥对产量及水氮利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(6):77-84. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究黄土高原旱地冬小麦关键期少量水补灌与施氮量对产量及水氮利用效率的调控效应。【方法】基于田间试验，设置补灌频次和施氮量二因素；补灌频次设置补灌1水（W1：拔节水）、补灌2水（W2：越冬水、拔节水）及补灌3水（W3：越冬水、拔节水、扬花水）3个水平，每次灌水定额为15 mm；施氮量设置120 kg/hm2（N1）、180 kg/hm2（N2）、240 kg/hm2（N3）3个水平，以当地雨养施氮量240 kg/hm2为对照（CK），共计10个处理。采用集雨窖滴灌系统进行水肥一体化管理，研究不同补灌追肥处理对干物质转运、产量及水氮利用效率的影响，以综合效益最大化为目标，采用熵权-TOPSIS法进行综合评价，筛选最优的补灌追肥策略。【结果】冬小麦产量随补灌频次增加呈显著的边际递减效应，随施氮量增加呈单峰特征，N2处理最优；适量的水氮配施能显著促进花前干物质向籽粒转运，干旱胁迫下过量施氮（N3处理）会抑制干物质转运，导致水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力下降；TOPSIS综合评价结果表明，W3N2处理综合效益最优且产量最高（4 188 kg/hm2），W2N2处理产量次之，但WUE最高（2.85 kg/m3）。【结论】集雨资源充足时，推荐采用“越冬水+拔节水+扬花水”配施180 kg/hm2氮肥的水氮管理模式；若休闲期水资源受限，“越冬水+拔节水”配施180 kg/hm2氮肥则是兼顾稳产与节水高效的最佳方案。 |
| 关键词: 旱地；冬小麦；关键期补灌；水氮耦合；产量；水氮利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026046 |
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| Effects of stage-specific supplemental irrigation and nitrogen topdressing on yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency in dryland winter wheat |
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JIA Ruopeng, QIANG Xiaoman, KANG Yanxia, BI Xufei, WANG Chunting, ZHU Tiantian, YU Dongjian
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1. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;
3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Seasonal drought is a key limiting factor for rainfed winter wheat in the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. To address this challenge, this paper experimentally explores the regulatory effect of limited supplemental irrigation and nitrogen topdressing at key growth stages on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat.【Method】The field experiment was conducted using a rainwater-harvesting drip irrigation system. There were three irrigation treatments: irrigating 15 mm of water at the jointing stage (W1); irrigating 15 mm of water at the overwintering stage and the jointing stage respectively (W2); irrigating 15 mm of water at the overwintering stage, jointing stage and flowering stage respectively (W3). Each irrigation treatment had three nitrogen treatments by applying 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 kg/hm2 (N3), respectively. The control was rainfed with 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application (CK). During the experiment, we measured dry matter accumulation, grain yield, and water and nitrogen use indictors. The optimal irrigation and nitrogen topdressing regime was identified using the TOPSIS method.【Result】Yield showed a marginally diminishing response to increased irrigation (W3 ≈ W2＞W1＞CK) and a unimodal response to nitrogen input, with N2 being optimal. Appropriate water–nitrogen combinations significantly enhanced pre-anthesis dry matter translocation. However, under drought stress conditions, excessive nitrogen application (N3) inhibited assimilate translocation and reduced both water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity. The highest yield (4 188 kg/hm2) was achieved under W3N2. Yields in W2N2 and W3N2 were not significantly different, and WUE in W2N2 was 2.85 kg/m3, the highest among all treatments. TOPSIS analysis ranked W3N2 as the optimal treatment, followed by W2N2.【Conclusion】When harvested rainwater is sufficient, the W3N2 combination is the best, while when it is limited, W2N2 is optimal to best balance yield and water use efficiency. |
| Key words: dryland; winter wheat; supplemental irrigation at critical stages; water-nitrogen coupling; yield; water- nitrogen use efficiency |
