| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究氮、磷、钾肥配施对新疆膜下滴灌春大豆生长及产量的影响。【方法】采用“3414”肥料小区试验，3个肥料因素为氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O），氮肥施用量分别为0（N0）、60（N1）、120（N2）、180（N3）kg/hm2，磷肥施用量分别为0（P0）、60（P1）、120（P2）、180（P3）kg/hm2，钾肥施用量分别为0（K0）、50（K1）、100（K2）、150（K3）kg/hm2，共计14个处理。分析氮、磷、钾施用量对全生育期0~60 cm土层土壤养分量、春大豆生长和产量的影响。【结果】土壤养分表层富集现象明显，各施肥处理0~20 cm土层碱解氮量、速效磷量和速效钾量较高，土壤养分量随施肥量的增加而增加。N2P2K2处理在提高养分量和减少收获期养分残留方面效果明显，N2P2K2处理收获期土壤碱解氮量、速效磷量和速效钾量分别为65.01、20.18 mg/kg和453.31 mg/kg，为大豆生长创造了适宜的养分环境。N2P2K2处理下地上部干物质积累量、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒质量和产量表现最佳，较其他处理分别提高了4.46%~96.24%、3.00%~54.95%、6.30%~45.78%、6.16%~49.29%和27.30%~83.83%。氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为10.92、8.62 kg/kg和8.84 kg/kg，偏生产力分别为39.94、39.94 kg/kg和47.93 kg/kg。三元二次肥料效应函数表明氮、磷、钾肥对大豆产量均为正向互作效应，增产效果为氮肥＞钾肥＞磷肥，氮磷、氮钾、磷钾肥也均为正向互作效应。【结论】新疆干旱半干旱地区膜下滴灌条件下，适量施肥可提升土壤养分量，当氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）施肥量分别为118.12、110.28、89.45 kg/hm2时，有利于春大豆生长及产量形成。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；春大豆；“3414”肥料小区试验；土壤养分；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2026028 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization for growth and yield of mulched drip-irrigated spring soybean in Xinjiang |
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Zhong Huilin, Du Yuanhao, Shi Cong, Xie Haixia, Wang Qi
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1. Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China;
3. College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Drip irrigation and mulch are the dominant practice for agricultural production in the arid and semi-arid regions in Xinjiang. However, imbalanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization reduces fertilizer use efficiency and poses risks of environmental pollution. This paper explores the optimal N, P and K fertilization regimes to improve the growth and yield of spring soybean under mulched drip irrigation.【Method】The plot experiment was conducted in a spring soybean field, based on the classic ‘3414’ fertilizer experimental design. It included combinations of the following fertilizations: four N fertilization levels: applying 0 (N0), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 (N3) kg/hm2 of nitrogen; four P fertilization levels, applying 0 (P0), 60 (P1), 120 (P2) and 180 (P3) kg/hm2 of P2O5; and four K fertilization levels, applying 0 (K0), 50 (K1), 100 (K2) and 150 (K3) kg/hm2 of K2O. In each treatment, we measured the changes in nutrient contents in the 0-60 cm soil layer, and the growth and yield of the crop.【Result】All fertilization treatments les to an increase in alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil nutrient content increased with increasing fertilization rate. Among all treatments, the N2P2K2 treatment significantly increased soil nutrient levels during the growing season and reduced nutrient residues at the harvest stage. In this treatment, the contents of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium at harvest stage were 65.01、20.18 mg/kg and 453.31 mg/kg, respectively, creating a favourable environment for soybean growth. This treatment also gave the highest aboveground dry matter accumulation, number of pods per plant, numbers of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and yield, which 4.46%-96.24%, 3.00%-54.95%, 6.30%-45.78%, 6.16%-49.29% and 27.30%-83.83% higher, respectively, than in other treatments. The agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K fertilizers in this treatment were 10.92、8.62 kg/kg and 8.84 kg/kg, respectively, and their partial factor productivities were 39.94、39.94 kg/kg and 47.93 kg/kg, respectively. The ternary quadratic fertilizer response function indicated that N, P and K fertilizations had positive interactive effects on soybean yield, with the effects of each nutrient on grain yield ranked in the order of N＞K＞P.【Conclusion】For drip-irrigated spring soybean in mulched arid and semi-arid regions in Xinjiang, the optimal N, P and K fertilizations are 118.12 kg/hm2 of N, 110.28 kg/hm2 of P2O5, and 89.45 kg/hm2 of K2O for maximum yield and efficient nutrient utilization. |
| Key words: drip irrigation under mulch; spring soybean; ‘3414’ fertilizer plot experiment; soil nutrients; yield |
