| 引用本文: | 杜艳霞,张义强,王云杰.河套灌区地下水丰、枯水期时序变化及原因分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):128-135. |
| Du Yanxia,Zhang Yiqiang,Wang Yunjie.河套灌区地下水丰、枯水期时序变化及原因分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2026,45(8):128-135. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析河套灌区地下水丰水期、枯水期发生显著变化的原因及其对灌区的影响，为河套灌区地下水资源的合理开发和高效利用提供借鉴和参考。【方法】采用算术平均法表征地下水埋深、引黄水量、灌溉面积及耗水量等指标的集中趋势，并结合相关性分析与回归分析，系统揭示了区域地下水埋深的演变特征及驱动机制。【结果】通过对河套灌区150眼监测井44 a（1980—2023年）的地下水埋深监测数据系统分析发现，2015年前后该区域地下水丰、枯水期的时序格局发生了显著转变。在1980—2014年期间，枯水期主要出现在3月，丰水期多出现在11月；而在2015—2023年期间，枯水期明显推迟至9月，丰水期则相应提前至5月。这一转变主要受以下三方面因素驱动：①引黄水量的持续减少，直接导致地下水补给来源减弱，成为控制埋深变化的主要因素；②灌溉制度调整，灌溉时间提前且水量增加，尽管用水强度增大，但补给效应使5月水位下降幅度明显减缓，甚至出现净补给；③秋季灌溉面积与引水规模显著缩减，地下水补给严重不足，加之秋浇时间推迟至10月中旬至11月底，致使9月水位急剧下降，成为全年最枯时段。此外，农业种植结构优化—小麦种植面积大幅减少，玉米、葵花等秋收作物面积显著增加，进一步改变了用水时序与强度，直接影响了地下水补排过程，成为丰枯期时序发生倒转的关键原因。【结论】河套灌区地下水丰、枯水期的时序变化，其主因并非降水与蒸发等气候要素，而在于高强度人工灌溉主导下，引黄水量、种植结构与灌溉制度三者的协同作用。引黄水量与灌溉面积的变化，从根本上改变了区域地下水的补给来源与强度；种植结构从高耗水小麦转向耐旱作物（如玉米、葵花），显著改变了作物需水规律；而灌溉制度的优化（如春夏灌提前、秋浇推迟）则直接调控了地下水的补排与水盐运移过程。 |
| 关键词: 河套灌区；地下水埋深；丰水期和枯水期；引黄水量；种植结构；影响 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025124 |
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| Temporal dynamics of groundwater depth and its driving factor in the Hetao Irrigation District |
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Du Yanxia, Zhang Yiqiang, Wang Yunjie
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Bayannur Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center, Linhe 015000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Groundwater dynamics in irrigation districts are sensitive to anthropogenic management and agricultural activities. This paper analyzes the temporal groundwater variation in the Hetao Irrigation District, as well as its regional implications.【Method】The arithmetic mean method was used to describe the changes in groundwater depth, Yellow River water diversion, irrigated area and water consumption based on data measured from 1980 to 2023 from 150 boreholes in the region. Correlation and regression analyses were used to elucidate the driving factors of the variation in the groundwater depth.【Result】There was a marked shift in pattern of temporal groundwater depth variation around 2015. From 1980 to 2014, groundwater table rose mainly in March and declined in November. From 2015 to 2023, groundwater table declined in September and rose in the subsequent May. Three factors influenced groundwater variations: ①Sustained decrease in Yellow River water diversion, which reduced groundwater recharge; ②adjusted irrigation schedules with advanced irrigation timing and increased water application, which slowed groundwater table decline and even resulted in net groundwater recharge in May. ③A combination of reduced autumn irrigation area and Yellow River water diversion, which, combined with postponed autumn irrigation from mid-October to late November, resulted in a substantial drop in groundwater level. Moreover, the optimized cropping restructure - featuring a reduction in wheat cultivation and an increase in autumn crops such as corn and sunflower-altered the timing and intensity of crop water consumption, which in turn changed the temporal groundwater depth change pattern.【Conclusion】The temporal change in groundwater table rising and declining in the Hetao Irrigation District was induced by anthropogenic activities. Changes in Yellow River water diversion, cropping structure and irrigation management collectively reshaped local groundwater variations. The shift from water-intensive wheat to drought-resistant corn, sunflower and other crops changed the seasonal pattern of crop demand for water, and improved irrigation arrangement altered the balance between groundwater recharge and discharge, as well as the associated water-salt migration. |
| Key words: Hetao Irrigation District; groundwater table depth; wet and dry seasons; Yellow River diversion volume；cropping pattern; impacts |
